UNDERSTANDING THE COMPUTER PROGRAM
Specific Learning Outcomes:
• Learn about the language of a computer and the evolution of programming languages
• Examine how a computer program is processed
• Become familiar with developing computer programs
What is Computer Program?
• A computer program is a list of instructions arranged in some logical order, which
completely specifies how the computer is to solve a particular problem or perform a
specific task. The people who creates computer program are called programmers.
• Just as human beings communicate with each other using languages such as Filipino, English, or Chinese,
programmers use a variety of special languages called programming languages, to communicate with the
computer. The instructions in a program are stated using computer language such as C, Visual BASIC, JAVA
and among others. Natural languages such as English and Filipino are not suitable to use in computer
programming because of their ambiguity and lack of precision.
What you want the
computer to do
What you have What you need
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
DATA COMPUTER INFORMATION
PROGRAM
Example 1: Payroll Program
• Hourly Rate • Basic Salary
• Hours Worked Payroll • Gross Pay
• Allowances Program • Total Deductions
• Deductions • Net Pay
Example 2: Grades Program
• Exam Scores • Exam Average
• Attendance Grades • Midterm Grade
• Other Scores Program • Final Grade
• Grades Table • Grades Report
, Programming Languages
• Writing a computer program requires the use of a programming language that the
computer can understand.
The native language of the computer is the machine
language. This language is based on the binary low (0) and high (1) PROGRAMMER WRITES PROGRAMS
IN ASSEMBLY, HIGH LEVEL, VERY
signals that flow within the computer machine’s circuits. Data and instructions in the HIGH LEVEL, OR NATURAL
LANGUAGES
machine level are all expressed in terms of combinations of 0’s and 1’s only.
Programming the computer using the machine language as it was actually
done before could be very difficult. The use of abbreviations or mnemonics instead of
pure 0’s and 1’s in assembly language only partly lessened the difficulty and it was CONVERSION
still generally considered complicated to allow greater productivity. SOFTWARE
The use of English – like instructions in high – level procedural
SOFTWARE CONVERTS THE
languages greatly facilitated the programming of the computer. Programs written PROGRAMS WRITTEN N ASSEMBLY,
HIGH LEVEL, AND VERY HIGH LEVEL.
in these languages are easier to understand and are no longer constrained by the kind OR NATURAL LANGUAGES
of computer being programmed, thereby, making them portable to other kinds of
computers.
The use of very high – level problem – oriented languages
require only little training in programming because they are designed to solve specific
problems. To make computer programming even a lot easier, programming is being
developed to approach that of our natural languages.
COMPUTER EXECUTES THE
PROGRAMS IN MACHINE
LANGUAGE OR MACHINE CODE
FORM
Specific Learning Outcomes:
• Learn about the language of a computer and the evolution of programming languages
• Examine how a computer program is processed
• Become familiar with developing computer programs
What is Computer Program?
• A computer program is a list of instructions arranged in some logical order, which
completely specifies how the computer is to solve a particular problem or perform a
specific task. The people who creates computer program are called programmers.
• Just as human beings communicate with each other using languages such as Filipino, English, or Chinese,
programmers use a variety of special languages called programming languages, to communicate with the
computer. The instructions in a program are stated using computer language such as C, Visual BASIC, JAVA
and among others. Natural languages such as English and Filipino are not suitable to use in computer
programming because of their ambiguity and lack of precision.
What you want the
computer to do
What you have What you need
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
DATA COMPUTER INFORMATION
PROGRAM
Example 1: Payroll Program
• Hourly Rate • Basic Salary
• Hours Worked Payroll • Gross Pay
• Allowances Program • Total Deductions
• Deductions • Net Pay
Example 2: Grades Program
• Exam Scores • Exam Average
• Attendance Grades • Midterm Grade
• Other Scores Program • Final Grade
• Grades Table • Grades Report
, Programming Languages
• Writing a computer program requires the use of a programming language that the
computer can understand.
The native language of the computer is the machine
language. This language is based on the binary low (0) and high (1) PROGRAMMER WRITES PROGRAMS
IN ASSEMBLY, HIGH LEVEL, VERY
signals that flow within the computer machine’s circuits. Data and instructions in the HIGH LEVEL, OR NATURAL
LANGUAGES
machine level are all expressed in terms of combinations of 0’s and 1’s only.
Programming the computer using the machine language as it was actually
done before could be very difficult. The use of abbreviations or mnemonics instead of
pure 0’s and 1’s in assembly language only partly lessened the difficulty and it was CONVERSION
still generally considered complicated to allow greater productivity. SOFTWARE
The use of English – like instructions in high – level procedural
SOFTWARE CONVERTS THE
languages greatly facilitated the programming of the computer. Programs written PROGRAMS WRITTEN N ASSEMBLY,
HIGH LEVEL, AND VERY HIGH LEVEL.
in these languages are easier to understand and are no longer constrained by the kind OR NATURAL LANGUAGES
of computer being programmed, thereby, making them portable to other kinds of
computers.
The use of very high – level problem – oriented languages
require only little training in programming because they are designed to solve specific
problems. To make computer programming even a lot easier, programming is being
developed to approach that of our natural languages.
COMPUTER EXECUTES THE
PROGRAMS IN MACHINE
LANGUAGE OR MACHINE CODE
FORM
