NR507 MIDTERM EXAM ,EXAM WITH CORRECT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025

NR507 MIDTERM EXAM ,EXAM WITH
CORRECT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2025

 Innate immunity - CORRECT-ANSWERSthe immunity we are born with
 Immune response: 3 levels/lines of protection - CORRECT-ANSWERS1st line: physical,
mechanical, & biochemical barriers


 2nd line: the inflammatory response


 3rd line: lymphocyte production
 most important immune defense - CORRECT-ANSWERSintact skin and mucous
membranes (impermeable barrier)
 PAMP - CORRECT-ANSWERSpathogen associated molecular pattern


 surfaces of bacteria, viruses, and other microbes are covered with many foreign proteins


 foreign
 DAMP - CORRECT-ANSWERSdamage associated molecular pattern


 many proteins are released from inside our cells when they are damaged


 foreign
 PRR - CORRECT-ANSWERSpattern recognition receptors


 surfaces of WBCs contain these receptor sites

, -continuously interact with any material they encounter to ID it as "self" or "non-self"
(foreign; PAMP or DAMP)
 Chemotaxis - CORRECT-ANSWERSCell movement that occurs in response to chemical
stimulus
 Phagocytosis - CORRECT-ANSWERS"cell eating"
 opsonization and adherence
 engulfment - WBC surrounds and ingests Ag
 Fusion of phagosome with lysosome
 destruction - phagosome digested by lysozyme, H202, acids, and other toxic chemicals
inside the lysosomes
 egestion
 Hypersensitivity Type 1:_____ - CORRECT-ANSWERSAllergic reaction
 Hypersensitivity: Type 1
 Mediated by ______ - CORRECT-ANSWERSIgE
 Hypersensitivity: Type 1
 Inflammation due to _____________ - CORRECT-ANSWERSmast cell degranulation
 Hypersensitivity: Type 1
 local symptoms - CORRECT-ANSWERSitching, rash
 Hypersensitivity: Type 1
 systemic symptoms - CORRECT-ANSWERSwheezing
 Hypersensitivity: Type 1
 most dangerous form - CORRECT-ANSWERSanaphylactic reaction-systemic response-
hypotension, severe bronchoconstriction
 Hypersensitivity: Type 1
 main treatment ___________ - CORRECT-ANSWERSepinephrine
 Hypersensitivity Type 2: _________________ - CORRECT-ANSWERSCytotoxic
reaction; tissue specific (example: thyroid tissue) hapten causes mediation of IgE or IgM
 Hypersensitivity: Type 2
 Primary effector cells involved - CORRECT-ANSWERSmacrophages
 Hypersensitivity: Type 2
 can cause ____________ - CORRECT-ANSWERStissue damage or alter function

,  Hypersensitivity: Type 2
 example of altered function - CORRECT-ANSWERSgraves disease (hyperthyroidism)-
example of altering thyroid function, but does not destroy thyroid tissue
 Hypersensitivity: Type 2
 example of tissue damage - CORRECT-ANSWERSincompatible blood type-example of
cell/tissue damage that occurs; severe transfusion reaction occurs and the transfused
erythrocytes are destroyed by agglutination or complement-mediated lysis
 Hypersensitivity: Type 3 - CORRECT-ANSWERSNot organ specific
 Immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity reactions
 -the antibody binds to soluble antigen outside the cell surface and the complex is
deposited in the tissues
 Hypersensitivity: Type 3
 Examples - CORRECT-ANSWERSRheumatoid arthritis - antigen/antibodies are
deposited in the joints


 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) - very closely related to
autoimmunity-antigen/antibodies deposit in organs that cause tissue damage
 Scope of damage of SLE - Type 3 autoimmune response - CORRECT-ANSWERSfacial
rash confined to cheeks (malar rash)
 discoid rash (raised patches, scaling)
 photosensitivity
 oral or nasopharyngeal ulcers
 hematologic disorders
 immunologic disorders
 non-erosive arthritis of at lease 2 peripheral joints
 serositis
 renal disorder
 neurologic disorder
 ANA
 Autoimmune diseases can be ______ - CORRECT-ANSWERSfamilial