A MANUAL
‘INTRODUCTION TO BASIC MATHEMATICS’
FOR STUDENTS OF AGRICULTURE
Aryabhata Bhaskara-II
Authors
MANOJ KUMAR MANJU TONK
RAMNIWAS
College of Agriculture, Kaul
Department of Mathematics & Statistics
CCS HAU Haryana Agricultural University Hisar
2011
1
, FOREWORD
Dr (Mrs) Sucheta Khokhar,
Dean, College of Agriculture, Hisar.
Mathematics is the queen of all sciences and the language of nature. It is used as an
essential tool in many fields including natural sciences, agricultural sciences,
engineering, medicine and social sciences. In agricultural sciences mathematics is used in
soil analysis, calculation of various fertilizer contents, market promotion strategies and
finance decisions etc. In today’s technology driven society, greater demands have been
placed on individuals to interpret and use mathematics to make sense of information.
Hence a basic course in mathematics is a must for students of agriculture stream so that
they may compete with the students of other fields, whenever it comes to application of
Mathematics..
A team of faculty members from the College of Agriculture, Kaul and Department of
Mathematics and Statistics, COBS&H, Hisar has written the manual “Introduction to
Basic Mathematics’ .This manual covers most of the syllabus for the students of
Agriculture and allied subjects. Other readers interested in understanding the Basic
concepts of Mathematics and their applications shall also find the Manual handy..
I compliment the team of authors viz Dr Manoj Goyal, Assistant Professor, COA,Kaul,
Dr(Mrs) Manju Tonk, Associate Professor, Deptt of Math and Statistics, COBS&H,
Hisar, and Mr Ramniwas, Assistant Professor ,Computer Science, Computer Section,
COBSC&H, Hisar for the commendable effort..
Date: (Sucheta Khokhar)
2
, PREFACE
The knowledge of Mathematics is an integral part of our day to day activities. It is an inductive
discipline first and a deductive discipline later. This is because, generally, induction precedes
deduction. Without the former, the later is impossible. Mathematics thrives on examples and
applications. In fact, it owes its birth and growth to them. Mathematics is both complex and
beautiful. The complexity of Mathematics is a reflection of the complexity of the relationships
that exist in the universe. The beauty of Mathematics is a reflection of the ability of the human
mind to identify them in a unit economical way. Keeping this in view, the Manual, “Introduction
to Basic Mathematics” has been prepared to present the contents in a user friendly,
understandable and concise form.
This Manual consists of 11 chapters covering the whole syllabus of an undergraduate Agriculture
four year program.. Important topics have been covered by explaining stepwise solution of the
problems. A conscious effort has been made to make the presentation of all topics simple and to
develop the subject in a step by step manner so that the manual serves as a self study text for the
students. Exercise sets containing questions and unsolved problems appear at the end of each
chapter. Solved and unsolved examples have been drawn been form various established sources.
The financial assistance for preparation of this manual has been provided by ICAR,New Delhi
through Director, HRM CCS HAU, Hisar. We are sincerely thankful to them .We are also
grateful to Dr.D.P.Nandal Principal College of Agriculture, Kaul and Dr.B.K. Hooda, Head,
Department of Mathematics and Statistics for their guidance and constant encouragement.
We have special words of thanks for Dr.Suchenta Khoker, Dean, College of Agriculture for her
guidance, encouragement and painstaking efforts towards arranging funds for the publication
under ICAR Development Assistance Scheme. The errors and suggestions, if any, may kindly be
conveyed to the authors so that necessary modifications can be undertaken at a suitable time..
Manoj Kumar Manju Tonk Ramniwas
3
, Content:
1. SEQUENCE AND SERIES
2. PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATIONS
3. BINOMIAL THEOREM
4. MATRICES AND DETRMINANTS
5. CO–ORDINATE GEOMETRY
6. TRIGNOMETRY
7. FUNCTION, LIMIT AND CONTINUITY
8. DIFFERENTIATION
9. INTEGRATION
10. DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
11. VECTORS
4
‘INTRODUCTION TO BASIC MATHEMATICS’
FOR STUDENTS OF AGRICULTURE
Aryabhata Bhaskara-II
Authors
MANOJ KUMAR MANJU TONK
RAMNIWAS
College of Agriculture, Kaul
Department of Mathematics & Statistics
CCS HAU Haryana Agricultural University Hisar
2011
1
, FOREWORD
Dr (Mrs) Sucheta Khokhar,
Dean, College of Agriculture, Hisar.
Mathematics is the queen of all sciences and the language of nature. It is used as an
essential tool in many fields including natural sciences, agricultural sciences,
engineering, medicine and social sciences. In agricultural sciences mathematics is used in
soil analysis, calculation of various fertilizer contents, market promotion strategies and
finance decisions etc. In today’s technology driven society, greater demands have been
placed on individuals to interpret and use mathematics to make sense of information.
Hence a basic course in mathematics is a must for students of agriculture stream so that
they may compete with the students of other fields, whenever it comes to application of
Mathematics..
A team of faculty members from the College of Agriculture, Kaul and Department of
Mathematics and Statistics, COBS&H, Hisar has written the manual “Introduction to
Basic Mathematics’ .This manual covers most of the syllabus for the students of
Agriculture and allied subjects. Other readers interested in understanding the Basic
concepts of Mathematics and their applications shall also find the Manual handy..
I compliment the team of authors viz Dr Manoj Goyal, Assistant Professor, COA,Kaul,
Dr(Mrs) Manju Tonk, Associate Professor, Deptt of Math and Statistics, COBS&H,
Hisar, and Mr Ramniwas, Assistant Professor ,Computer Science, Computer Section,
COBSC&H, Hisar for the commendable effort..
Date: (Sucheta Khokhar)
2
, PREFACE
The knowledge of Mathematics is an integral part of our day to day activities. It is an inductive
discipline first and a deductive discipline later. This is because, generally, induction precedes
deduction. Without the former, the later is impossible. Mathematics thrives on examples and
applications. In fact, it owes its birth and growth to them. Mathematics is both complex and
beautiful. The complexity of Mathematics is a reflection of the complexity of the relationships
that exist in the universe. The beauty of Mathematics is a reflection of the ability of the human
mind to identify them in a unit economical way. Keeping this in view, the Manual, “Introduction
to Basic Mathematics” has been prepared to present the contents in a user friendly,
understandable and concise form.
This Manual consists of 11 chapters covering the whole syllabus of an undergraduate Agriculture
four year program.. Important topics have been covered by explaining stepwise solution of the
problems. A conscious effort has been made to make the presentation of all topics simple and to
develop the subject in a step by step manner so that the manual serves as a self study text for the
students. Exercise sets containing questions and unsolved problems appear at the end of each
chapter. Solved and unsolved examples have been drawn been form various established sources.
The financial assistance for preparation of this manual has been provided by ICAR,New Delhi
through Director, HRM CCS HAU, Hisar. We are sincerely thankful to them .We are also
grateful to Dr.D.P.Nandal Principal College of Agriculture, Kaul and Dr.B.K. Hooda, Head,
Department of Mathematics and Statistics for their guidance and constant encouragement.
We have special words of thanks for Dr.Suchenta Khoker, Dean, College of Agriculture for her
guidance, encouragement and painstaking efforts towards arranging funds for the publication
under ICAR Development Assistance Scheme. The errors and suggestions, if any, may kindly be
conveyed to the authors so that necessary modifications can be undertaken at a suitable time..
Manoj Kumar Manju Tonk Ramniwas
3
, Content:
1. SEQUENCE AND SERIES
2. PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATIONS
3. BINOMIAL THEOREM
4. MATRICES AND DETRMINANTS
5. CO–ORDINATE GEOMETRY
6. TRIGNOMETRY
7. FUNCTION, LIMIT AND CONTINUITY
8. DIFFERENTIATION
9. INTEGRATION
10. DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
11. VECTORS
4
