PSY 101 STRAIGHTERLINE FINAL EXAM
100% ACCURATE
psychology - ANSWER the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
science - ANSWER psychology uses systematic methods to observe human behavior
and draw conclusions
behavior - ANSWER everything we do that can be directly observed
mental process - ANSWER The thoughts, feelings, and motives that each of us
experiences privately but that cannot be observed directly
critical thinking - ANSWER thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and
conclusions. Rather, it examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates
evidence, and assesses conclusions.
empirical method - ANSWER gaining knowledge through the observation of events, the
collection of data, and logical reasoning
structuralism - ANSWER focus on identifying the elemental parts or structures of the
human mind; William Wundt
functionalism - ANSWER A school of psychology that focused on how our mental and
behavioral processes function - how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish;
William James
natural selection - ANSWER A process in which individuals that have certain inherited
traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of
those traits; Charles Darwin
neurons - ANSWER a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system
glial cells - ANSWER cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect
neurons
cell body - ANSWER Largest part of a typical neuron; contains the nucleus and much of
the cytoplasm
dendrites - ANSWER Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive
information.
axon - ANSWER the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through
which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands
, myelin sheath - ANSWER fatty layer that covers the axon of some neurons and helps
speed neural impulses
resting potential - ANSWER The difference in electric charge between the inside and
outside of a neuron's cell membrane; neg inside, pos outisde
action potential - ANSWER a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down
an axon
all or nothing principle - ANSWER The principle that once the electrical impulse reaches
a certain level of intensity (its threshold), it fires and moves all the way down the axon
without losing any intensity.
synapses - ANSWER tiny gaps between dentrites and axons of different neurons
oxytocin - ANSWER hormone and neurotransmitter that plays an important role in the
experience of love and social bonding
agonist - ANSWER A chemical that mimics the action of a neurotransmitter.
antagonist - ANSWER drug that blocks a neurotransmitter's effects
brain lesioning - ANSWER abnormal disruption in the tissue of the brain resulting from
injury or disease
Electroencephalogram (EEG) - ANSWER records the brain's electrical activity
hindbrain - ANSWER medulla, pons, cerebellum; located at skull's rear
thalamus - ANSWER relays info b/w lower and higher brain centers
hypothalamus - ANSWER governs eating, drinking, and sex; plays a role in emotion and
stress
reticular formation - ANSWER a nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important
role in controlling arousal & stereotyped patterns
medulla - ANSWER governs breathing and reflexes
cerebellum - ANSWER A large structure of the hindbrain that controls motor
coordination
pons - ANSWER governs sleep and arousal
100% ACCURATE
psychology - ANSWER the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
science - ANSWER psychology uses systematic methods to observe human behavior
and draw conclusions
behavior - ANSWER everything we do that can be directly observed
mental process - ANSWER The thoughts, feelings, and motives that each of us
experiences privately but that cannot be observed directly
critical thinking - ANSWER thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and
conclusions. Rather, it examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates
evidence, and assesses conclusions.
empirical method - ANSWER gaining knowledge through the observation of events, the
collection of data, and logical reasoning
structuralism - ANSWER focus on identifying the elemental parts or structures of the
human mind; William Wundt
functionalism - ANSWER A school of psychology that focused on how our mental and
behavioral processes function - how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish;
William James
natural selection - ANSWER A process in which individuals that have certain inherited
traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of
those traits; Charles Darwin
neurons - ANSWER a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system
glial cells - ANSWER cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect
neurons
cell body - ANSWER Largest part of a typical neuron; contains the nucleus and much of
the cytoplasm
dendrites - ANSWER Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive
information.
axon - ANSWER the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through
which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands
, myelin sheath - ANSWER fatty layer that covers the axon of some neurons and helps
speed neural impulses
resting potential - ANSWER The difference in electric charge between the inside and
outside of a neuron's cell membrane; neg inside, pos outisde
action potential - ANSWER a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down
an axon
all or nothing principle - ANSWER The principle that once the electrical impulse reaches
a certain level of intensity (its threshold), it fires and moves all the way down the axon
without losing any intensity.
synapses - ANSWER tiny gaps between dentrites and axons of different neurons
oxytocin - ANSWER hormone and neurotransmitter that plays an important role in the
experience of love and social bonding
agonist - ANSWER A chemical that mimics the action of a neurotransmitter.
antagonist - ANSWER drug that blocks a neurotransmitter's effects
brain lesioning - ANSWER abnormal disruption in the tissue of the brain resulting from
injury or disease
Electroencephalogram (EEG) - ANSWER records the brain's electrical activity
hindbrain - ANSWER medulla, pons, cerebellum; located at skull's rear
thalamus - ANSWER relays info b/w lower and higher brain centers
hypothalamus - ANSWER governs eating, drinking, and sex; plays a role in emotion and
stress
reticular formation - ANSWER a nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important
role in controlling arousal & stereotyped patterns
medulla - ANSWER governs breathing and reflexes
cerebellum - ANSWER A large structure of the hindbrain that controls motor
coordination
pons - ANSWER governs sleep and arousal
