ANCC PMHNP Chapter 8 Exam Questions With Accurate
Answers.
Mood Disorders - accurate answers-Most common psych illnesses
Primary characteristic is persistent disturbance in mood - accurate answers-
Major Depressive Disorder
Often occurs without precipitating event - accurate answers-MDD
Object loss theory - accurate answers-Fairbairn, Winnicott & guntrip
Aggression turned inward theory of MDD - accurate answers-Freud
Cognitive Theory - accurate answers-Beck
Learned Helplessness-Hopelessness Theory - accurate answers-Seligman
Genetic predisposition - accurate answers-Strong genetic load for depression
for child of depressed parent -having 3 fold increase in lifetime risk of MDD &
40% chance of depressive episode before age 18.
Endocrine dysfunction Theory - accurate answers-Probably related to etiology
of MDD
Sleep disturbances, appetite disturbances, libido disturbances, lethargy,
anhedonia are neurovegitative symptoms that are related to functions of the -
accurate answers-Hypothalamus and pituitary gland secretions
Endocrine dysfunction and pregnancy - accurate answers-A high incidence of
postpartum mood disturbances is suggested with this
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) - accurate answers-A theory of
MDD, may be a result of an abnormal stress response related to dysregulation
of this system
,HPA axis - accurate answers-Controls the physiological response to stress and
is composed of interconnective feedback pathways between the
hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal gland.
Hypothalamus releases - accurate answers-corticotropin-releasing hormone
(CRH)
Adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) - accurate answers-Released by
pituitary in response to CRH by hypothalamus
Cortisol - accurate answers-Released by adrenal glands in response to ACTH
by pituitary gland
Hyperactivity of the HPA axis - accurate answers-Demonstrated to be present
in individuals with MDD. May also have elevated cortisol levels
Elevated cortisol levels - accurate answers-Over time damages the CNS by
altering neurotransmission and electrical signal conduction. Cortisol over
time can cause changes in size and function of brain tissue
Dexamethasone suppression test (DST) - accurate answers-Not commonly
used in clinical practice for screening of depression as it is too non specific.
Hypovolemic hippocampus and hypovolemic prefrontal cortex-limbic striatal
regions - accurate answers-Abnormalities demonstrated by neuroimaging in
individuals with chronic and severe depression
Brain damage, including that from stroke and trauma - accurate answers-
Depression is a acommon comorbidity in individuals who have experienced
these events
What is the Chronobiological theory of MDD - accurate answers-
Desynchronization of the circadian rhythms produces the symptom
constellation collectively called MDD
Circadian rhythms control these biological processes that are frequent
problems with depressed individuals - accurate answers-Sleep-rest cycle
disturbances * Increased cortisol secretions *
REM abnormalities Increased emotional reactivity
, Frequent waking
More intensified dreaming
Diurnal variations to circadian-related behaviors
Decreased arousal and energy levels
Decreased activity patterns *
Incidence of MDD - accurate answers-5% of U.S. population ages 18 and older
each year. About 9.9 million Americans
Most common psychiatric illness seen in primary care practices; only 50% of
people receive treatment - accurate answers-MDD
25% women, 12% men - accurate answers-Risk during reproductive years
Risk of MDD is ________ for both genders below puberty and after menopause -
accurate answers-equal
MDD is (greater) or (lesser) source of morbidity for women than other
illnesses. - accurate answers-Greater
Fifteen percent (15%) - accurate answers-Of people with MDD will commit
suicide
People with MDD - Four times greater risk of premature death - accurate
answers-Than normal control population
Episodes of MDD do not vary - accurate answers-Not true. Disease course is
variable and can involve isolated episodes separated by many years, clusters
of episodes or a severe episode with some remission of symptoms but with
chronic symptoms persisting over time.
If untreated an episode of MDD - accurate answers-Usually lasts 4 months or
longer
Major Depressive Disorder - accurate answers-Tends to be a chronic,
recurrent illness
One year after initial diagnosis - accurate answers-40% of patients are
symptom free
Answers.
Mood Disorders - accurate answers-Most common psych illnesses
Primary characteristic is persistent disturbance in mood - accurate answers-
Major Depressive Disorder
Often occurs without precipitating event - accurate answers-MDD
Object loss theory - accurate answers-Fairbairn, Winnicott & guntrip
Aggression turned inward theory of MDD - accurate answers-Freud
Cognitive Theory - accurate answers-Beck
Learned Helplessness-Hopelessness Theory - accurate answers-Seligman
Genetic predisposition - accurate answers-Strong genetic load for depression
for child of depressed parent -having 3 fold increase in lifetime risk of MDD &
40% chance of depressive episode before age 18.
Endocrine dysfunction Theory - accurate answers-Probably related to etiology
of MDD
Sleep disturbances, appetite disturbances, libido disturbances, lethargy,
anhedonia are neurovegitative symptoms that are related to functions of the -
accurate answers-Hypothalamus and pituitary gland secretions
Endocrine dysfunction and pregnancy - accurate answers-A high incidence of
postpartum mood disturbances is suggested with this
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) - accurate answers-A theory of
MDD, may be a result of an abnormal stress response related to dysregulation
of this system
,HPA axis - accurate answers-Controls the physiological response to stress and
is composed of interconnective feedback pathways between the
hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal gland.
Hypothalamus releases - accurate answers-corticotropin-releasing hormone
(CRH)
Adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) - accurate answers-Released by
pituitary in response to CRH by hypothalamus
Cortisol - accurate answers-Released by adrenal glands in response to ACTH
by pituitary gland
Hyperactivity of the HPA axis - accurate answers-Demonstrated to be present
in individuals with MDD. May also have elevated cortisol levels
Elevated cortisol levels - accurate answers-Over time damages the CNS by
altering neurotransmission and electrical signal conduction. Cortisol over
time can cause changes in size and function of brain tissue
Dexamethasone suppression test (DST) - accurate answers-Not commonly
used in clinical practice for screening of depression as it is too non specific.
Hypovolemic hippocampus and hypovolemic prefrontal cortex-limbic striatal
regions - accurate answers-Abnormalities demonstrated by neuroimaging in
individuals with chronic and severe depression
Brain damage, including that from stroke and trauma - accurate answers-
Depression is a acommon comorbidity in individuals who have experienced
these events
What is the Chronobiological theory of MDD - accurate answers-
Desynchronization of the circadian rhythms produces the symptom
constellation collectively called MDD
Circadian rhythms control these biological processes that are frequent
problems with depressed individuals - accurate answers-Sleep-rest cycle
disturbances * Increased cortisol secretions *
REM abnormalities Increased emotional reactivity
, Frequent waking
More intensified dreaming
Diurnal variations to circadian-related behaviors
Decreased arousal and energy levels
Decreased activity patterns *
Incidence of MDD - accurate answers-5% of U.S. population ages 18 and older
each year. About 9.9 million Americans
Most common psychiatric illness seen in primary care practices; only 50% of
people receive treatment - accurate answers-MDD
25% women, 12% men - accurate answers-Risk during reproductive years
Risk of MDD is ________ for both genders below puberty and after menopause -
accurate answers-equal
MDD is (greater) or (lesser) source of morbidity for women than other
illnesses. - accurate answers-Greater
Fifteen percent (15%) - accurate answers-Of people with MDD will commit
suicide
People with MDD - Four times greater risk of premature death - accurate
answers-Than normal control population
Episodes of MDD do not vary - accurate answers-Not true. Disease course is
variable and can involve isolated episodes separated by many years, clusters
of episodes or a severe episode with some remission of symptoms but with
chronic symptoms persisting over time.
If untreated an episode of MDD - accurate answers-Usually lasts 4 months or
longer
Major Depressive Disorder - accurate answers-Tends to be a chronic,
recurrent illness
One year after initial diagnosis - accurate answers-40% of patients are
symptom free
