Nurs 6531 Deck 1 Final Exam Review Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct

Nurs 6531 Deck 1 Final Exam Review Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct What condition is associated with recurrent nephrolithiasis? - ANSWER Primary hyperparathyroidism What stabilizes the cardiac membrane in treatment of hyperkalemia? - ANSWER Calcium gluconate What medication acts rapidly to antagonize the membrane effects of potassium in hyperkalemia? - ANSWER Calcium is cardioprotective What is the most common cause of euvolemic hyponatremia? - ANSWER SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion) What causes are associated with hypervolemic hyponatremia? - ANSWER Cirrhosis and CHF What is a long-term complication of radio-active iodine therapy? - ANSWER Hypothyroidism 80% of acute pyelonephritis cases in women are caused by what pathogen? - ANSWER E coli Most common cause of acute scrotal pain in adults? - ANSWER epididymitis What are predisposing factors for hypocalcemia? - ANSWER hypoparathyroidism, pancreatitis, vitamin D deficiency, chronic alcohol use disorder, and medications such as phenytoin, cisplatin, and estrogen. What are prerenal causes of AKI? - ANSWER decrease in extracellular fluid volume, decreased renal blood flow, or altered intrarenal hemodynamics. Post-renal causes of AKI - ANSWER benign prostatic hyperplasia, bladder cancer, nephrolithiasis, neuromuscular disorders, prostate cancer, strictures, trauma What is are intrinsic causes of renal failure? - ANSWER Acute glomerulonephritis, ischemic injury, nephrotoxins, malignant hypertension What classification of drugs cause urinary retention? - ANSWER anticholinergics (ipratropium) Common secondary causes of nephrotic syndrome - ANSWER lupus and diabetes Presenting symptoms of nephrotic syndrome - ANSWER loss of appetite, fatigue, ascites, lower extremity edema, proteinuria, low blood albumin, and hyperlipidemia. What is the initial insulin loading dose for a patient in DKA? - ANSWER 0.1 to 0.15 units/kg/hr with hourly glucose monitoring What is Hashimoto's thyroiditis? - ANSWER autoimmune destruction of thyroid gland, Anti-thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor antibodies inhibit release of thyroid hormone. What would you do first for an incidental finding of an adrenal mass? - ANSWER Overnight dexamethasone suppression test. Clinical signs of PCOS - ANSWER oligomenorrhea, infertility, hirsutism, obesity, and 2/3 Rotterdam criteria: oligo-ovulation or anovulation clinic of biochemical signs of hyperandrogenism polycystic ovaries on US Treatment for simple cystitis - ANSWER 5 days of nitrofurantoin First-line evaluation of vulvovaginal candidiasis - ANSWER wet mount Prolonged nausea and vomiting can result in: - ANSWER Metabolic alkalosis loss of gastric acid Define the acronym MUDPILES - ANSWER Acron ym for identifying a high anion gap metabolic acidosis: Methanol Uremia Diabeti c ketoacidosis Parald ehyde Iron, is oniazid Lactate Ethanol, ethylene glycol Salicylates Clinical signs/symptoms of uremic pericarditis - ANSWER worsening anemia, absence of diffuse ST-segment T-wave elevations, fever, pleuritic chest pain, pain that increases in recumbent position. Hemodialysis treatment should be heparin free. What is hepatorenal syndrome? - ANSWER chronic or acute renal disease with advanced hepatic failure and portal hypertension. What complaint is common with patients who have acute on chronic urinary retention? - ANSWER urinary incontinence Aside from potassium chloride as a supplement, what can be used to treat hypokalemia? - ANSWER Magnesium For a patient who is lethargic and hyperkalemic, what is the first line therapy? - ANSWER Calcium gluconate or calcium chloride Priapism is a known side effect of what medication? - ANSWER Trazodone What is the maximum compensation of PaCO2 in metabolic acidosis? - ANSWER 26 signs of preeclampsia - ANSWER BP 140/90 proteinuria 300 mg of protein in urine in 24 hours headache visual changes 2+ pitting edema What are signs & symptoms of SIADH (Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone)? - ANSWER Increased production of ADH (antidiuretic hormone), hyponatremia, concentrated urine (from excess water resorption), elevated urine osmolality, mental status changes from cerebral edema. Diabetes insipidus is associated with what sodium level? - ANSWER Hypernatremia Psychogenic polydipsia results in urine that is: - ANSWER diluted with low osmolality and hyponatremia How would you determine the cause of a patient's AKI who presents with decreased urine output, history of neurogenic bladder, chronic foley, dark urine, and Cr increase from 1.3 to 2.1 over 3 months? - ANSWER Flush the foley catheter to see if urine comes out and assess the patency of the catheter. This action will unblock clogged sediment or biofilm from chronic bacteriuria. When a female patient presents to the ER after sexual assault, what medications should be offered prior to discharge? - ANSWER Ceftriaxone, azithromycin, Plan B, and