Long Term Memory Stores by Tulving 1972
Semantically - adds meaning to something Semantic memory can operate independently
Use case study of Clive Wearing from episodic - but not the other way round.
Episodic Semantic
Memory for facts.
A type of mental diary/ memories for events.
Like a mental encyclopaedia which stores a large
It receives and stores information about specific
amount of knowledge learnt at a time that you may
times in our life - it is time stamped or time
not remember.
referenced.
Facts may ‘join up’ to form wider bodies of knowledge
These memories are linked to context.
over time.
Input is continuous - there is a temporal frame of
Input can be fragmented - facts can be put together
reference (related to when the memory occurred in
when needed.
time).
Procedural Memory
In 1985 Tulving identified a 3rd type of long-term memory. This is our memory for actions, skills and how we do things.
We recall these memories without conscious awareness or a great deal of effort. Some examples include driving a
car, riding an bike or learning how to swim.
Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s disease disrupts semantic and episodic memory because it is a form of dementia. It is suggested that
episodic memory is the first to deteriorate.
This may be because the hippocampus is damaged early on in the disease. Later on, patients begin to lose the ability to
use knowledge stored in semantic memory.
Semantically - adds meaning to something Semantic memory can operate independently
Use case study of Clive Wearing from episodic - but not the other way round.
Episodic Semantic
Memory for facts.
A type of mental diary/ memories for events.
Like a mental encyclopaedia which stores a large
It receives and stores information about specific
amount of knowledge learnt at a time that you may
times in our life - it is time stamped or time
not remember.
referenced.
Facts may ‘join up’ to form wider bodies of knowledge
These memories are linked to context.
over time.
Input is continuous - there is a temporal frame of
Input can be fragmented - facts can be put together
reference (related to when the memory occurred in
when needed.
time).
Procedural Memory
In 1985 Tulving identified a 3rd type of long-term memory. This is our memory for actions, skills and how we do things.
We recall these memories without conscious awareness or a great deal of effort. Some examples include driving a
car, riding an bike or learning how to swim.
Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s disease disrupts semantic and episodic memory because it is a form of dementia. It is suggested that
episodic memory is the first to deteriorate.
This may be because the hippocampus is damaged early on in the disease. Later on, patients begin to lose the ability to
use knowledge stored in semantic memory.
