ABFAS BOARD PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED A+RECENT VERSION

ABFAS BOARD PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED A+RECENT VERSION 1. Define hammetoe, claw toe, and mallet toe - answer ht: mpj dorsiflex, pipj plantarflex, dipj dorsiflex Claw: mpj dorsiflex, pipj plantarflex, dipj plantarflex Mallet: dipj plantarflex 2. 3 ht contractures - answer flexor stabilization, flexor sub, extensor sub 3. Flexor stabilization - answer most common Pronated foot (flatfoot) Flexors gain advantage over interossei Quadratus plantae weakened results in adductovarus 4th and 5th digit 4. Flexor substitution - answer least common Supinated foot Flexors overpower interossei Weak triceps surae/deep posterior/lateral leg muscles (calc gait, tal etc) 5. Extensor substitution - answer pes cavus foot Neuromuscular disease (cmt etc) Edl advantage over lumbricals Bowstringing extensor 6. 5 w - answer wind (12-24), water (24) , walk (48) wound (72), wonder drug 7. Congenital convex pes planovalgus - answer talus vertical, parallel to long axis of tibia Everted calcaneus Navicular is dorsal to talus Talocalcaneal angle is 40 8. Properties of calcium phosphate antibiotic beads - answer non exothermic Must use powder Peaks at 3 hours and then elutes over 72 hours 120 day shelf life 9. Most common 5th metatarsal fracture - answer avulsion fracture (about 50% of 5th met fractures) 10. Normal im between 4 and 5? 11. Normal lateral bowing angle? - answer im= 6.5-9.0 12. Bowing angle=2.6 13. What is the myerson procedure? - answer use of ehb in correction of hav. 14. What is biologic fixation? - answer 15. Stewart classification - answer 5th met base fracture 16. Benefit of ropivicaine over bupivaine - answer less cardiotoxicity, but much more expensive. 17. Most common cause of peroneal spastic flatfoot? - answer tarsal coalition 18. What causes a local anesthetic to have faster onset? - answer lower pka 19. Where does the extensor apparatus originate/insert - answer there is no specific area that it originates from or inserts 20. What is a geode in medical terms?? - answer a subchondral cyst 21. Insertion of edb - answer extensor apparatus near base of proximal phalanx. 22. Changes to x-ray machine for fiberglass cast - answer increase ma by 1.5x 23. What motion unlocks the knee during gait cycle? - answer pronation of the stj, this causes the femur to rotate laterally which will unlock the knee 24. Which inhaled anesthetic is the most cardioprotective? - answer isoflurane 25. What is the half life of heparin? - answer 6 hours 26. Difference between technetium and gallium - answer technetium binds to hydroxyapatite and is seen in areas of high bone turnover. 27. Gallium binds to wbc's and is seen in areas of increased inflammation. If used together, technetium should be given first. 28. Which asa class has 2-3x risk for post-op complications. - answer asa class iii: specifically a pulmonary complication 29. How is lmwh excreted? - answer through the kidneys; should be avoided in those with kidney failure 30. Which local anesthetic is lease likely to cause methemoglobinemia? - answer marcaine Although is is very rare for the other local anesthetics anyway. 31. What does exposure mean in medical research? - answer any factors or characteristics that may explain/predict a certain outcome. 32. How do things provide osteogenesis? - answer lag screws and dynamic compression plates. The lack of motion stimulates osteogenesis 33. Why is alcohol used to dilute phenol? - answer phenol is insoluble in water, but is soluble in alcohol. 34. Should diuretics be held prior to surgery? - answer yes, hypotension is common in surgery and taking a diuretic may exacerbate the hypotension 35. Anticoagulant that is a direct thrombin inhibitor? - answer dabigatran 36. Term in a research study for all people who enter a study regardless of treatment, exposure, or ability to complete the study? - answer study population 37. Antibiotic for open fracture at a farm? - answer 10-20 million units of penicillin due to possibility of clostridium contamination. 38. Why is thermal necrosis of bone problematic? - answer increased zone of resorption at osteotomy site 39. Met base osteotomy with high rate of dorsal malunion - answer crescentic osteotomy 40. Correction of digiti quinti varus with v-y skin plasty often doesn't work due to... - answer inability of v-y plasty to correct the deformity adequately 41. When is midstance phase of gait? - answer opposite side toe off. 42. Apex of deformity in anterior cavus foot with occur at which joint? - answer 1st met cuneiform joint 43. What affect does this have on pain killers? - answer mu receptor are up regulated, this causes opioids to be more effective for pain control 44. Most common complication with polycactyly treatment. - answer removal of the wrong extra digit. need adequate pre-op planning and vascular assessment. 45. What are the stages of anesthesia? - answer 1. Amnesia/analgesia 2. Delirium 3. Surgical anesthesia 4. Overdose 46. What are the characteristics of stage 3 anesthesia? 4 planes - answer surgical anesthesia: 1) regular respiration, no eyelid reflex 2)slowed breathing 3)stops breathing, no laryngeal reflexes 4)intercostal paralysis, fully dilated pupils 47. Characteristics of moderate/conscious sedation - answer responds purposefully. Does not require airway intervention 48. Which the is the most common? - answer central polydactyly. Postaxial polydactyly is the most common 49. What type of fracture will tension band wiring not work? - answer comminuted fractures 50. What is the minimum muscle strength grade for tendon transfer? - answer 4 51. Maximum age of test results for surgery? - answer 4-6 months, if labs are older than that, they should be redrawn prior to surgery 52. Most common cause of hammer toe? - answer flexor stabilization 53. Screws in mini frag set? - answer 1.5 2.0 2.7 54. Screw in small frag set? - answer 3.5 4.0 55. Screws in large frag set - answer 4.5 6.5 56. What is the jones tenosuspension - answer transfer of ehl to proximal phalanx You will also need to fuse the ipj. 57. Palpable posterior tibial pulse gives a digit amputations __% chance to heal - answer 90%