PRAXIS 5421, Praxis II 5421 School
Counseling- Terminology to know,
Praxis II 5421- Professional School
Counselor Exam Questions and
Answers
Kohlberg Preconventional
✓ ~~~3-7 Years Old
Avoid Punishment (Obedience & Punishment)
Obtain Rewards (Personal Reward)
Kohlberg Conventional
✓ ~~~8-13 Years Old
Belong and Be Accepted (Good Boy / Good Girl)
Obey Rules and Regulations (Law & Order)
Piaget Preoperational
✓ ~~~2-7 Years Old
Represent the world with words and images
Increased symbolic thinking
Piaget Concrete operational
✓ ~~~7-11 Years Old
Reason logically about concrete things
,Classify objects into different sets
Piaget Formal operational
✓ ~~~11+ Years Old
Reasons in more abstract and logical ways
Thought is more idealistic
Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura)
✓ ~~~Self-efficacy through believing oneself is capable of successfully performing certain
behaviors or reaching certain goals (Environment reinforces behavior)
Schema
✓ ~~~An individual's representation of something
What we have learned
Erickson's Stages of Psychosocial Development
✓ ~~~5-13 Years Old
Industry vs. Inferiority
13-21 Years Old
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Cognitive Behavioral Theory (CBT) treats...
, ✓ ~~~depression, eating disorders, borderline personality disorder, bipolar, anxiety, PTSD,
substance abuse, OCD, aggression, conduct disorder
Foundation
✓ ~~~create comprehensive school counseling programs that focus on student outcomes,
teach student competencies and are delivered with identified professional competencies
Delivery
✓ ~~~provide services to students, parents, school staff and the community in the following
areas: Direct Student Services, School counseling core curriculum, Individual student
planning, Responsive services, Indirect Student Services
Management
✓ ~~~incorporate organizational assessments and tools that are concrete, clearly delineated
and reflective of the school's needs. Assessments and tools include: School counselor
competency and school counseling program assessments, Use-of-time assessment,
Annual agreements, Advisory councils, Use of data, Curriculum, small-group and closing-
the-gap action plans, Annual and weekly calendars
Accountability
✓ ~~~analyze school and school counseling program data to determine how students are
different as a result of the school counseling program
Address a student monopolizing group
✓ ~~~have the group examine the student's behavior in a productive and nonthreatening
manner
Etic
✓ ~~~a study of a culture outside of the group (perspective of the observer)
Emic
, ✓ ~~~a study of a culture from within the group (perspective of the member)
Egocentric
✓ ~~~an inability to understand or assume any perspective other than their own
Romantic relationships between counselor and student
✓ ~~~The ASCA Ethical Standards for School Counselors say that "any sexual or romantic
relationship with students whether illegal in the state of practice is considered a grievous
breach of ethics and is prohibited regardless of a student's age" and that the school
counselor should "consider the potential for harm before entering into a relationship with
former students."
Appropriate use of an aptitude (natural ability) test
✓ ~~~Estimating the ability of a high school student for performance in college
Annie is a fourth-grade student in Ms. Garcia's homeroom class. For the past few
days, Ms. Garcia has noticed that Annie has not been as engaged with her
classmates as usual and seems withdrawn. Ms. Garcia asks the school counselor for
help with Annie.
✓ ~~~Creating an initial contact with Annie directly is the best first step to learn more about
how she is doing and what her concerns might be.
What is a congruent counselor according to Carl Rogers?
✓ ~~~Carl Rogers defined "congruence" as an ability to be authentic and genuine when
working with a client.
When is consultation essential to success?
Counseling- Terminology to know,
Praxis II 5421- Professional School
Counselor Exam Questions and
Answers
Kohlberg Preconventional
✓ ~~~3-7 Years Old
Avoid Punishment (Obedience & Punishment)
Obtain Rewards (Personal Reward)
Kohlberg Conventional
✓ ~~~8-13 Years Old
Belong and Be Accepted (Good Boy / Good Girl)
Obey Rules and Regulations (Law & Order)
Piaget Preoperational
✓ ~~~2-7 Years Old
Represent the world with words and images
Increased symbolic thinking
Piaget Concrete operational
✓ ~~~7-11 Years Old
Reason logically about concrete things
,Classify objects into different sets
Piaget Formal operational
✓ ~~~11+ Years Old
Reasons in more abstract and logical ways
Thought is more idealistic
Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura)
✓ ~~~Self-efficacy through believing oneself is capable of successfully performing certain
behaviors or reaching certain goals (Environment reinforces behavior)
Schema
✓ ~~~An individual's representation of something
What we have learned
Erickson's Stages of Psychosocial Development
✓ ~~~5-13 Years Old
Industry vs. Inferiority
13-21 Years Old
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Cognitive Behavioral Theory (CBT) treats...
, ✓ ~~~depression, eating disorders, borderline personality disorder, bipolar, anxiety, PTSD,
substance abuse, OCD, aggression, conduct disorder
Foundation
✓ ~~~create comprehensive school counseling programs that focus on student outcomes,
teach student competencies and are delivered with identified professional competencies
Delivery
✓ ~~~provide services to students, parents, school staff and the community in the following
areas: Direct Student Services, School counseling core curriculum, Individual student
planning, Responsive services, Indirect Student Services
Management
✓ ~~~incorporate organizational assessments and tools that are concrete, clearly delineated
and reflective of the school's needs. Assessments and tools include: School counselor
competency and school counseling program assessments, Use-of-time assessment,
Annual agreements, Advisory councils, Use of data, Curriculum, small-group and closing-
the-gap action plans, Annual and weekly calendars
Accountability
✓ ~~~analyze school and school counseling program data to determine how students are
different as a result of the school counseling program
Address a student monopolizing group
✓ ~~~have the group examine the student's behavior in a productive and nonthreatening
manner
Etic
✓ ~~~a study of a culture outside of the group (perspective of the observer)
Emic
, ✓ ~~~a study of a culture from within the group (perspective of the member)
Egocentric
✓ ~~~an inability to understand or assume any perspective other than their own
Romantic relationships between counselor and student
✓ ~~~The ASCA Ethical Standards for School Counselors say that "any sexual or romantic
relationship with students whether illegal in the state of practice is considered a grievous
breach of ethics and is prohibited regardless of a student's age" and that the school
counselor should "consider the potential for harm before entering into a relationship with
former students."
Appropriate use of an aptitude (natural ability) test
✓ ~~~Estimating the ability of a high school student for performance in college
Annie is a fourth-grade student in Ms. Garcia's homeroom class. For the past few
days, Ms. Garcia has noticed that Annie has not been as engaged with her
classmates as usual and seems withdrawn. Ms. Garcia asks the school counselor for
help with Annie.
✓ ~~~Creating an initial contact with Annie directly is the best first step to learn more about
how she is doing and what her concerns might be.
What is a congruent counselor according to Carl Rogers?
✓ ~~~Carl Rogers defined "congruence" as an ability to be authentic and genuine when
working with a client.
When is consultation essential to success?
