1
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY D115 WGU EXAM ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS ALREADY
GRADED A+ GUARANTEED PASS
What causes Marfan's syndrome?
Defects or deletions (pathogenic variants) of the fibrillin-1 (FBN1) gene have been
shown to cause Marfans syndrome
at least 25% of Marfan syndrome cases result from a new mutation in the FBN1 gene
spina bifida
a congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy when the spinal canal fails to
close completely around the spinal cord to protect it
What can cause Spina Bifida
Decreased folic acid or maternal use of valproic acid
Pernicious Anemia
a type of vitamin B12 anemia. An autoimmune condition in which the body's
immune system attacks the actual intrinsic factor (IF) protein or the cells in the lining
of your stomach that make it.
Folate (folic acid) deficiency anemia
- Folate is an essential vitamin for RNA and DNA synthesis within maturing RBC
- Absorption of folate occurs in the upper small intestine
- Is common in alcoholics and individuals with chronic malnourishment
- Is associated with neural tube defects of the fetus
, 2
Folate deficiency occurs when your body doesn't get enough folate. Symptoms
include fatigue, weakness, mouth sores and neurological issues.
iron deficiency anemia
anemia resulting when there is not enough iron to build hemoglobin for red blood
cells. Your bone marrow needs iron to make hemoglobin. Without adequate iron,
your body can't produce enough hemoglobin for red blood cells. Without iron
supplementation, this type of anemia occurs in many pregnant women.
Anemia of chronic disease
multifactorial anemia. Diagnosis generally requires the presence of a chronic
inflammatory condition, such as infection, autoimmune disease, kidney disease, or
cancer .Microcytic anemia with ↓ serum iron, ↓ total iron-binding capacity (TIBC),
and normal or ↑ ferritin.
Turner syndrome characteristics
Underdeveloped ovaries (sterile)
Short stature (~ 4'7")
Webbing of the neck
Edema
Underdeveloped breasts; wide nipples
High number of aborted fetuses
Diagnostic testing for Turner's syndrome
genetic testing , echo, bone density, and bone age testing are necessary.
Treatment of Turners syndrome
Treatment involves estrogen therapy and growth hormone administration. Treat
symptomatically for all other effects of the dz.
Cushing's Syndrome
a condition caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol
Cushing syndrome symptoms
, 3
fatty hump between shoulders, a rounded face(moon faced), and pink or purple
stretch marks on skin, thinning fragile skin, slow healing of cuts, insect bites and
infections, acne, decreased libido, decreased fertility, irregular or absent menstrual
periods, fatigue, muscle weakness, cognitive difficulties, and headaches.
Viral hemorragic fevers
spread by contact with infected animals or insects. Most common hosts are
mosquitos, ticks, rodents, or bats.
MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)
an infection caused by specific bacteria that has become resistant to many antibiotics
B12 anemia
cobalamin deficiency, is a condition that develops when your body can't make
enough healthy red blood cells because it doesn't have enough vitamin B12. Your
body needs vitamin B12 to make healthy red blood cells, white blood cells, and
platelets. (pernicious anemia)
hemolytic anemia
characterized by an inadequate number of circulating red blood cells due to the
premature destruction of red blood cells by the spleen.
Hemolytic anemia is a blood disorder that typically happens when your red blood
cells break down or die faster than your body can replace them with new blood cells.
People may develop hemolytic anemia by inheriting genetic conditions that cause
anemia, certain infections and certain medications.
Idiopathic aplastic anemia
a disease characterized by pancytopenia (low RBC, WBC, and platelets) and
hypoplastic bone marrow caused by the decrease of hematopoietic stem cells. .
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY D115 WGU EXAM ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS ALREADY
GRADED A+ GUARANTEED PASS
What causes Marfan's syndrome?
Defects or deletions (pathogenic variants) of the fibrillin-1 (FBN1) gene have been
shown to cause Marfans syndrome
at least 25% of Marfan syndrome cases result from a new mutation in the FBN1 gene
spina bifida
a congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy when the spinal canal fails to
close completely around the spinal cord to protect it
What can cause Spina Bifida
Decreased folic acid or maternal use of valproic acid
Pernicious Anemia
a type of vitamin B12 anemia. An autoimmune condition in which the body's
immune system attacks the actual intrinsic factor (IF) protein or the cells in the lining
of your stomach that make it.
Folate (folic acid) deficiency anemia
- Folate is an essential vitamin for RNA and DNA synthesis within maturing RBC
- Absorption of folate occurs in the upper small intestine
- Is common in alcoholics and individuals with chronic malnourishment
- Is associated with neural tube defects of the fetus
, 2
Folate deficiency occurs when your body doesn't get enough folate. Symptoms
include fatigue, weakness, mouth sores and neurological issues.
iron deficiency anemia
anemia resulting when there is not enough iron to build hemoglobin for red blood
cells. Your bone marrow needs iron to make hemoglobin. Without adequate iron,
your body can't produce enough hemoglobin for red blood cells. Without iron
supplementation, this type of anemia occurs in many pregnant women.
Anemia of chronic disease
multifactorial anemia. Diagnosis generally requires the presence of a chronic
inflammatory condition, such as infection, autoimmune disease, kidney disease, or
cancer .Microcytic anemia with ↓ serum iron, ↓ total iron-binding capacity (TIBC),
and normal or ↑ ferritin.
Turner syndrome characteristics
Underdeveloped ovaries (sterile)
Short stature (~ 4'7")
Webbing of the neck
Edema
Underdeveloped breasts; wide nipples
High number of aborted fetuses
Diagnostic testing for Turner's syndrome
genetic testing , echo, bone density, and bone age testing are necessary.
Treatment of Turners syndrome
Treatment involves estrogen therapy and growth hormone administration. Treat
symptomatically for all other effects of the dz.
Cushing's Syndrome
a condition caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol
Cushing syndrome symptoms
, 3
fatty hump between shoulders, a rounded face(moon faced), and pink or purple
stretch marks on skin, thinning fragile skin, slow healing of cuts, insect bites and
infections, acne, decreased libido, decreased fertility, irregular or absent menstrual
periods, fatigue, muscle weakness, cognitive difficulties, and headaches.
Viral hemorragic fevers
spread by contact with infected animals or insects. Most common hosts are
mosquitos, ticks, rodents, or bats.
MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)
an infection caused by specific bacteria that has become resistant to many antibiotics
B12 anemia
cobalamin deficiency, is a condition that develops when your body can't make
enough healthy red blood cells because it doesn't have enough vitamin B12. Your
body needs vitamin B12 to make healthy red blood cells, white blood cells, and
platelets. (pernicious anemia)
hemolytic anemia
characterized by an inadequate number of circulating red blood cells due to the
premature destruction of red blood cells by the spleen.
Hemolytic anemia is a blood disorder that typically happens when your red blood
cells break down or die faster than your body can replace them with new blood cells.
People may develop hemolytic anemia by inheriting genetic conditions that cause
anemia, certain infections and certain medications.
Idiopathic aplastic anemia
a disease characterized by pancytopenia (low RBC, WBC, and platelets) and
hypoplastic bone marrow caused by the decrease of hematopoietic stem cells. .
