BIO 182 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS CORRECT 100%
evolution - ANSWERdescent with modification
natural selection - ANSWERmechanism for change
genetic drift - ANSWERrandom change in alleles
anatomical homologies - ANSWERvariations on a structural theme that was present
in a common ancestor
polytomy - ANSWERbranch point from which more than two descendent groups
emerge
analogy - ANSWERsimilarity due to convergent evolution
homoplasies - ANSWERanalogous structures that have evolved independently
Molecular systematics - ANSWERuses DNA and other molecular data to determine
evolutionary relationships
morphological species concept - ANSWERdefines a species by body shape and
other structural features
ecological species concept - ANSWERdefines species in terms of its ecological
niche
phylogenetic species concept - ANSWERdefines a species as the smallest group of
individuals that shares a common ancestor and forms on branch on the tree of life
allopatric speciation - ANSWERgeographic separation of populations restricts gene
flow
sympatric speciation - ANSWERspeciation occuring in populations that live in the
same geographic area
cladistics - ANSWERan approach to systematics where common descent is the
primary criterion used to classify organisms
clades - ANSWERa group of biological taxa or species that share features inherited
from a common ancestor
monophyletic - ANSWERa valid clade consisting of an ancestral species and all its
descendents
, speciation - ANSWERthe process by which one species splits into two or more
species
microevolution - ANSWERchanges in allele frequencies within a population
macroevolution - ANSWERthe broad pattern of evolution over time
species - ANSWERtaxonomic group whose members can interbreed
reproductive isolation - ANSWERthe existence of biological barriers that prevent
members of two species from producing viable, fertile hybrids
hybrid - ANSWERan organism that is the offspring of genetically dissimilar parents or
stock
prezygotic barriers - ANSWERprevents fertilization between species
habitat isolation - ANSWERorganisms that use different habitats are unlikely to
encounter each other and mate
behavioral isolation - ANSWERspecies use unique and elaborate behaviors to attract
mates thus isolating other species
temporal isolation - ANSWERtwo species that breed at different times of day,
season, or year are unlikely to encounter each other and mate
mechanical isolation - ANSWERclosely related species cannot mate because of
incompatible bodies
gametic isolation - ANSWERgametes of two species do not form a zygote because
of incompatibilities preventing fertilization
postzygotic barriers - ANSWERprevents hybrid zygotes from developing into viable,
fertile adults
reduced hybrid viability - ANSWERgenetic incompatibility between two species may
abort the hybrid embryo
reduced hybrid fertility - ANSWEReven if a hybrid develops into a healthy, strong
adult, it may be infertile
hybrid breakdown - ANSWERfirst-generation hybrids are viable and fertile but when
they mate with either parent species, the next generation is feeble or sterile
polyploid - ANSWERorganism having more than twice the haploid number of
chromosomes
ANSWERS CORRECT 100%
evolution - ANSWERdescent with modification
natural selection - ANSWERmechanism for change
genetic drift - ANSWERrandom change in alleles
anatomical homologies - ANSWERvariations on a structural theme that was present
in a common ancestor
polytomy - ANSWERbranch point from which more than two descendent groups
emerge
analogy - ANSWERsimilarity due to convergent evolution
homoplasies - ANSWERanalogous structures that have evolved independently
Molecular systematics - ANSWERuses DNA and other molecular data to determine
evolutionary relationships
morphological species concept - ANSWERdefines a species by body shape and
other structural features
ecological species concept - ANSWERdefines species in terms of its ecological
niche
phylogenetic species concept - ANSWERdefines a species as the smallest group of
individuals that shares a common ancestor and forms on branch on the tree of life
allopatric speciation - ANSWERgeographic separation of populations restricts gene
flow
sympatric speciation - ANSWERspeciation occuring in populations that live in the
same geographic area
cladistics - ANSWERan approach to systematics where common descent is the
primary criterion used to classify organisms
clades - ANSWERa group of biological taxa or species that share features inherited
from a common ancestor
monophyletic - ANSWERa valid clade consisting of an ancestral species and all its
descendents
, speciation - ANSWERthe process by which one species splits into two or more
species
microevolution - ANSWERchanges in allele frequencies within a population
macroevolution - ANSWERthe broad pattern of evolution over time
species - ANSWERtaxonomic group whose members can interbreed
reproductive isolation - ANSWERthe existence of biological barriers that prevent
members of two species from producing viable, fertile hybrids
hybrid - ANSWERan organism that is the offspring of genetically dissimilar parents or
stock
prezygotic barriers - ANSWERprevents fertilization between species
habitat isolation - ANSWERorganisms that use different habitats are unlikely to
encounter each other and mate
behavioral isolation - ANSWERspecies use unique and elaborate behaviors to attract
mates thus isolating other species
temporal isolation - ANSWERtwo species that breed at different times of day,
season, or year are unlikely to encounter each other and mate
mechanical isolation - ANSWERclosely related species cannot mate because of
incompatible bodies
gametic isolation - ANSWERgametes of two species do not form a zygote because
of incompatibilities preventing fertilization
postzygotic barriers - ANSWERprevents hybrid zygotes from developing into viable,
fertile adults
reduced hybrid viability - ANSWERgenetic incompatibility between two species may
abort the hybrid embryo
reduced hybrid fertility - ANSWEReven if a hybrid develops into a healthy, strong
adult, it may be infertile
hybrid breakdown - ANSWERfirst-generation hybrids are viable and fertile but when
they mate with either parent species, the next generation is feeble or sterile
polyploid - ANSWERorganism having more than twice the haploid number of
chromosomes
