BIO 182 EXAM 1 CHAPTERS 45, 43, 44,
46, 47 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
CHAPTER 45 - ANSWER
At what levels of life are focused on while studying ecology? - ANSWER-organismal
-population
-community
-ecosystem
What is the difference between a biotic and abiotic factor in the environment? -
ANSWER-Biotic interactions are interactions among living things
-Abiotic interactions are between organisms and their nonliving environment
Physiological response
-example: birds fluffing up feathers to trap more heat
Behavioral response
-example: birds migrating to warmer regions
Define population - ANSWERgroup of interbreeding individuals occupying the same
habitat at the same time
There are two major classes of aquatic biomes that are divided based on their salt
content. What are they? - ANSWERfreshwater biome
-salt concentration of less than 1%
-lakes, streams, rivers, and wetlands
marine biome
-a salt concentration around 3%
-oceans, intertidal zones, coral reefs, and estuaries.
What are the 4 models of relationships between ecosystem function and
biodiversity? Be able to explain what happens to ecosystem function as biodiversity
increases/decreases for each one. - ANSWERDiversity-Stability hypothesis
-Species-rich communities are more stable than those with fewer species
Redundancy hypothesis
-Most species are redundant, they take up space but do not add to diversity
Keystone hypothesis
-Ecosystem function plummets as soon as biodiversity declines from its natural
levels
, Idiosyncratic hypothesis
-Ecosystem changes unpredictably as the number of species changes
We talked about 4 different main strategies for conservation. Be able to name and
explain each one. - ANSWERMegadiversity countries
-greatest number of species
-Brazil, Indonesia and Columbia top the list
Biodiversity Hotspots (high levels of endemics)
-Endemics - found only in a particular place and nowhere else
-Hot spots have the widest variety of endemic species with at least 1500 species of
vascular plants and lost 70% of original habitat
What % of earth does fresh water cover? - ANSWERless than 1%
Be able to understand and explain the benthic realm, photic zone, and aphotic zone
as is occurs in lakes and ponds. - ANSWERphotic zone
-light is available for photosynthesis -shallow water near shore and
the upper layer of water away from shore.
aphotic zone
-deeper and
has light levels too low to support photosynthesis.
benthic realm
-at the bottom of all aquatic biomes
Unlike lakes and ponds which are standing water, rivers and streams are flowing
water. Be able to explain some of the differences in properties that occur near the
source of the stream vs. downstream. - ANSWERNear the source of a stream, the
water is usually
-clear, cold, swift, and low in nutrients.
Downstream, the water is usually
-murkier, warmer, slower, and higher in nutrients.
What is the open water part of the ocean called? - ANSWERpelagic realm
How deep is the photic zone in the ocean? - ANSWER200 meters
Know the 9 major terrestrial biomes, and what the temperature and precipitation
regime of each is. - ANSWERSavannas
-dominated by grasses and scattered trees,
are warm year-round
-rainfall 12-20 inches per year with dramatic seasonal variation.
Deserts
-driest of all biomes,
-characterized by low and unpredictable rainfall of less than 12 inches a year, and
46, 47 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
CHAPTER 45 - ANSWER
At what levels of life are focused on while studying ecology? - ANSWER-organismal
-population
-community
-ecosystem
What is the difference between a biotic and abiotic factor in the environment? -
ANSWER-Biotic interactions are interactions among living things
-Abiotic interactions are between organisms and their nonliving environment
Physiological response
-example: birds fluffing up feathers to trap more heat
Behavioral response
-example: birds migrating to warmer regions
Define population - ANSWERgroup of interbreeding individuals occupying the same
habitat at the same time
There are two major classes of aquatic biomes that are divided based on their salt
content. What are they? - ANSWERfreshwater biome
-salt concentration of less than 1%
-lakes, streams, rivers, and wetlands
marine biome
-a salt concentration around 3%
-oceans, intertidal zones, coral reefs, and estuaries.
What are the 4 models of relationships between ecosystem function and
biodiversity? Be able to explain what happens to ecosystem function as biodiversity
increases/decreases for each one. - ANSWERDiversity-Stability hypothesis
-Species-rich communities are more stable than those with fewer species
Redundancy hypothesis
-Most species are redundant, they take up space but do not add to diversity
Keystone hypothesis
-Ecosystem function plummets as soon as biodiversity declines from its natural
levels
, Idiosyncratic hypothesis
-Ecosystem changes unpredictably as the number of species changes
We talked about 4 different main strategies for conservation. Be able to name and
explain each one. - ANSWERMegadiversity countries
-greatest number of species
-Brazil, Indonesia and Columbia top the list
Biodiversity Hotspots (high levels of endemics)
-Endemics - found only in a particular place and nowhere else
-Hot spots have the widest variety of endemic species with at least 1500 species of
vascular plants and lost 70% of original habitat
What % of earth does fresh water cover? - ANSWERless than 1%
Be able to understand and explain the benthic realm, photic zone, and aphotic zone
as is occurs in lakes and ponds. - ANSWERphotic zone
-light is available for photosynthesis -shallow water near shore and
the upper layer of water away from shore.
aphotic zone
-deeper and
has light levels too low to support photosynthesis.
benthic realm
-at the bottom of all aquatic biomes
Unlike lakes and ponds which are standing water, rivers and streams are flowing
water. Be able to explain some of the differences in properties that occur near the
source of the stream vs. downstream. - ANSWERNear the source of a stream, the
water is usually
-clear, cold, swift, and low in nutrients.
Downstream, the water is usually
-murkier, warmer, slower, and higher in nutrients.
What is the open water part of the ocean called? - ANSWERpelagic realm
How deep is the photic zone in the ocean? - ANSWER200 meters
Know the 9 major terrestrial biomes, and what the temperature and precipitation
regime of each is. - ANSWERSavannas
-dominated by grasses and scattered trees,
are warm year-round
-rainfall 12-20 inches per year with dramatic seasonal variation.
Deserts
-driest of all biomes,
-characterized by low and unpredictable rainfall of less than 12 inches a year, and
