BIO 182 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
isomers - ANSWERTwo different molecules that have the same chemical formula
proteins - ANSWERNutrients the body uses to build and maintain its cells and
tissues
condensation reactions - ANSWERa chemical reaction in which two or more
molecules combine to produce water or another simple molecule
hydrosis reaction - ANSWERbreaking down large molecules with water
what are the life supporting properties of water? - ANSWERcohesive behavior, ability
to moderate temperature, expansion upon freezing, versatility as a solvent
where would you find hydrogen bonds? - ANSWERDNA "rungs"
General characteristics of proteins - ANSWERdiverse biological molecules, made of
amino acids
functions of proteins - ANSWERenzymes, structural, transport, immune support,
transport (across cell membrane)
amino acid structure - ANSWERa carboxyl group, amine group, and R group
what are amino acids linked by? - ANSWERpeptide bonds
nucleic acids - ANSWERencode and transmit genetic information
carbohydrates - ANSWERprovide energy and make up the cell wall in bacteria /
starches and glucose
lipids - ANSWEREnergy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that
are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
polymers - ANSWERcomplex molecules made up of repeated simpler units
connected by covalent bonds
amino acids - ANSWERa simple organic compound containing both a carboxyl (—
COOH) and an amino (—NH2) group.
Nucleotide - ANSWER
, lipid membranes that define cell boundaries consist of what? - ANSWERfatty acids
isotopes - ANSWERAtoms of the same element that have different numbers of
neutrons
ions - ANSWERpositively and negatively charged atoms
molecular orbital - ANSWERorbitals that apply to the entire molecule
most abundant elements in organisms? - ANSWERCarbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen,
Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur
How many electrons can each orbital hold? - ANSWER2 electrons, then 8 after
what is a valence electron - ANSWERelectrons in the outermost shell
Why do we care about electrons, orbitals and shells?? - ANSWERtells us how
reactive it will be
ionic bond - ANSWERA chemical bond resulting from the attraction between
oppositely charged ions.
covalent bond - ANSWERA chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons
nonpolar covalent bond - ANSWERa covalent bond in which the electrons are
shared equally by the two atoms
polar covalent bond - ANSWERA covalent bond in which electrons are not shared
equally
hydrogen bond - ANSWERweak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another
atom
what is an acid - ANSWERAn acid is a source of hydrogen ions, H⁺
what is a base - ANSWERa substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration
of a solution
What are organic molecules? - ANSWERmolecules that contain carbon
functional groups - ANSWERthe components of organic molecules that are most
commonly involved in chemical reactions
Frequently encountered functional groups? - ANSWERamine, amino, carboxyl,
hydroxyl, ketone, phosphate, sulfhydryl, and methyl
What indicates a polypeptide? - ANSWERN-C-C-N-C-C
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
isomers - ANSWERTwo different molecules that have the same chemical formula
proteins - ANSWERNutrients the body uses to build and maintain its cells and
tissues
condensation reactions - ANSWERa chemical reaction in which two or more
molecules combine to produce water or another simple molecule
hydrosis reaction - ANSWERbreaking down large molecules with water
what are the life supporting properties of water? - ANSWERcohesive behavior, ability
to moderate temperature, expansion upon freezing, versatility as a solvent
where would you find hydrogen bonds? - ANSWERDNA "rungs"
General characteristics of proteins - ANSWERdiverse biological molecules, made of
amino acids
functions of proteins - ANSWERenzymes, structural, transport, immune support,
transport (across cell membrane)
amino acid structure - ANSWERa carboxyl group, amine group, and R group
what are amino acids linked by? - ANSWERpeptide bonds
nucleic acids - ANSWERencode and transmit genetic information
carbohydrates - ANSWERprovide energy and make up the cell wall in bacteria /
starches and glucose
lipids - ANSWEREnergy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that
are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
polymers - ANSWERcomplex molecules made up of repeated simpler units
connected by covalent bonds
amino acids - ANSWERa simple organic compound containing both a carboxyl (—
COOH) and an amino (—NH2) group.
Nucleotide - ANSWER
, lipid membranes that define cell boundaries consist of what? - ANSWERfatty acids
isotopes - ANSWERAtoms of the same element that have different numbers of
neutrons
ions - ANSWERpositively and negatively charged atoms
molecular orbital - ANSWERorbitals that apply to the entire molecule
most abundant elements in organisms? - ANSWERCarbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen,
Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur
How many electrons can each orbital hold? - ANSWER2 electrons, then 8 after
what is a valence electron - ANSWERelectrons in the outermost shell
Why do we care about electrons, orbitals and shells?? - ANSWERtells us how
reactive it will be
ionic bond - ANSWERA chemical bond resulting from the attraction between
oppositely charged ions.
covalent bond - ANSWERA chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons
nonpolar covalent bond - ANSWERa covalent bond in which the electrons are
shared equally by the two atoms
polar covalent bond - ANSWERA covalent bond in which electrons are not shared
equally
hydrogen bond - ANSWERweak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another
atom
what is an acid - ANSWERAn acid is a source of hydrogen ions, H⁺
what is a base - ANSWERa substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration
of a solution
What are organic molecules? - ANSWERmolecules that contain carbon
functional groups - ANSWERthe components of organic molecules that are most
commonly involved in chemical reactions
Frequently encountered functional groups? - ANSWERamine, amino, carboxyl,
hydroxyl, ketone, phosphate, sulfhydryl, and methyl
What indicates a polypeptide? - ANSWERN-C-C-N-C-C
