GCU BIO 182 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
Green Algae - ANSWER____________ called charophytes are the closest relatives
of land plants.
Land plants share four key traits with only charophytes - ANSWER• Rings of
cellulose-synthesizing complexes
• Peroxisome enzymes
• Structure of flagellated sperm
• Formation of a phragmoplast
Peristome - ANSWERThe upper part of the moss capsule (sporangium) often
specialized for gradual spore discharage
Seta - ANSWERStalk of a moss capsule
Foot - ANSWERAnchors the sporophyte to gametophyte and absorbs minerals and
nutrients from it.
Stomata - ANSWERHornwort and moss sporophytes have ___________ for gas
exchange; liverworts do not
Peat - ANSWERSphagnum forms extensive deposits of partially decayed organic
material known as ___________
Peat - ANSWER________ can be used as a source of fuel
Sphagnum - ANSWEROverharvesting of _____________ and/or a drop in water
level in peatlands could release stored CO2 to the atmosphere.
Sporopollenin - ANSWERIn charophytes a layer of a durable polymer called
_____________ prevents exposed zygotes from drying out
Sporopollenin - ANSWER______________ is also found in plant spore walls
Four key traits appear in nearly all land plants but are absent in the charophytes -
ANSWER• Alternation of generations and multicellular, dependent embryos
• Walled spores produced in sporangia
• Multicellular gametangia
• Apical meristems
Protoplast fusion - ANSWER____________________ is used to create hybrid plants
by fusing protoplasts, plant cells with their cell walls removed
, Biofuels - ANSWER________________ are made by the fermentation and
distillation of plant materials such as cellulose
Chytridiomycota (chytrids) - ANSWERFlagellated spores
Zygomycota (zygote fungi) - ANSWERResistant zygosporangium as sexual stage
Glomeromycota (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) - ANSWERArbuscular mycorrhizae
formed with plants
Ascomycota (ascomycetes, or sac fungi) - ANSWERSexual spores (ascospores)
borne internally in sacs called asci; vast numbers of asexual spores (conidia)
produced
Alternation of Generations - ANSWERPlants alternate between two multicellular
stages, a reproductive cycle called ___________
Gametophyte - ANSWERThe ____________ is haploid and produces haploid
gametes by mitosis
Placental transfer cells - ANSWERNutrients are transferred from parent to embryo
through ___________________
Embryophytes - ANSWERLand plants are called ____________ because of the
dependency of the embryo on the parent
Sporangia - ANSWERThe sporophyte produces spores in organs called
____________
Sporocytes - ANSWERDiploid cells called ___________ undergo meiosis to
generate haploid spores
Sporopollenin - ANSWERSpore walls contain _______________, which makes them
resistant to harsh environments
Gametangia - ANSWERGametes are produced within organs called
______________
Archegonia - ANSWERFemale gametangia, called ____________, produce eggs
and are the site of fertilization
Antheridia - ANSWERMale gametangia, called ____________, produce and release
sperm
Apical meristems - ANSWERPlants sustain continual growth in their ____________
Cuticle - ANSWERA waxy covering of the epidermis
Vascular tissue - ANSWERLand plants can be informally grouped based on the
presence or absence of _____________
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
Green Algae - ANSWER____________ called charophytes are the closest relatives
of land plants.
Land plants share four key traits with only charophytes - ANSWER• Rings of
cellulose-synthesizing complexes
• Peroxisome enzymes
• Structure of flagellated sperm
• Formation of a phragmoplast
Peristome - ANSWERThe upper part of the moss capsule (sporangium) often
specialized for gradual spore discharage
Seta - ANSWERStalk of a moss capsule
Foot - ANSWERAnchors the sporophyte to gametophyte and absorbs minerals and
nutrients from it.
Stomata - ANSWERHornwort and moss sporophytes have ___________ for gas
exchange; liverworts do not
Peat - ANSWERSphagnum forms extensive deposits of partially decayed organic
material known as ___________
Peat - ANSWER________ can be used as a source of fuel
Sphagnum - ANSWEROverharvesting of _____________ and/or a drop in water
level in peatlands could release stored CO2 to the atmosphere.
Sporopollenin - ANSWERIn charophytes a layer of a durable polymer called
_____________ prevents exposed zygotes from drying out
Sporopollenin - ANSWER______________ is also found in plant spore walls
Four key traits appear in nearly all land plants but are absent in the charophytes -
ANSWER• Alternation of generations and multicellular, dependent embryos
• Walled spores produced in sporangia
• Multicellular gametangia
• Apical meristems
Protoplast fusion - ANSWER____________________ is used to create hybrid plants
by fusing protoplasts, plant cells with their cell walls removed
, Biofuels - ANSWER________________ are made by the fermentation and
distillation of plant materials such as cellulose
Chytridiomycota (chytrids) - ANSWERFlagellated spores
Zygomycota (zygote fungi) - ANSWERResistant zygosporangium as sexual stage
Glomeromycota (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) - ANSWERArbuscular mycorrhizae
formed with plants
Ascomycota (ascomycetes, or sac fungi) - ANSWERSexual spores (ascospores)
borne internally in sacs called asci; vast numbers of asexual spores (conidia)
produced
Alternation of Generations - ANSWERPlants alternate between two multicellular
stages, a reproductive cycle called ___________
Gametophyte - ANSWERThe ____________ is haploid and produces haploid
gametes by mitosis
Placental transfer cells - ANSWERNutrients are transferred from parent to embryo
through ___________________
Embryophytes - ANSWERLand plants are called ____________ because of the
dependency of the embryo on the parent
Sporangia - ANSWERThe sporophyte produces spores in organs called
____________
Sporocytes - ANSWERDiploid cells called ___________ undergo meiosis to
generate haploid spores
Sporopollenin - ANSWERSpore walls contain _______________, which makes them
resistant to harsh environments
Gametangia - ANSWERGametes are produced within organs called
______________
Archegonia - ANSWERFemale gametangia, called ____________, produce eggs
and are the site of fertilization
Antheridia - ANSWERMale gametangia, called ____________, produce and release
sperm
Apical meristems - ANSWERPlants sustain continual growth in their ____________
Cuticle - ANSWERA waxy covering of the epidermis
Vascular tissue - ANSWERLand plants can be informally grouped based on the
presence or absence of _____________
