Fluid and electrolyte Balance Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct

Fluid and electrolyte Balance Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct Fluid volume deficit - ANSWER - *nursing terminology related to Dehydration Contributing factor of dehydration - ANSWER - *diarrhea *vomiting *inappropriate use of diuretic *decreased fluid intake *excessive heat in sweating *fever *gi suction *certain medications *hemorrhage *certain diseases-dm, di, addison disease Significant function of water - ANSWER - *efficient medium for Delivery of nutrients to the cells *export waste products from the cell *help to regulate many body processes *protects and lubricates body surfaces *important in the regulation of blood pressure and fluid and Electrolyte balance Importance of water - ANSWER - *consitutes the greatest portion Of the body weight *variation in % of total body water to total body weight due to Age sex individuals body structure *children can be composed of more than 75% body water *adult men are about 60% body water *fat cells contain the least water of any cell in the body *adult women have the lowest water content about 50% due to presence of greater amount of subcutaneous fat. Isotonic - ANSWER - *solution exerting equal pressure on opposite Side of the membrane Hypertonic - ANSWER - *stronger solutions compared to those on The opposing side of the membrane *causes blood cells to shrink because osmosis will draw fluid out Of the cells Hypotonic - ANSWER - *weaker solutions compared to an opposing Solution *causes blood cells to swell Electrolytes - ANSWER - *an element or a compound that will Dissociate into ions when dissolved in water *an ion is able to conduct a weak electric current *found in all body fluids *active chemicals; concentration are measured according to Their chemical activity *expressed as milliequvalents *found in the form of inorganic salts acid and bases *concentrations vary *excess or deficiency of certain key electrolytes can cause Serious physical disorders Cation - ANSWER - *positively charged ion *memory helper for cation=ca + ion Anion - ANSWER - *negatively charged ion icf important electrolytes - ANSWER - *potassium k+ most dominant Intercellular cation 3.5-5.0 body fluid balance *magnesium mg++ 1.5-1.9meq function of neurons and muscle cells *sulfate so4++ *phosphate hpo4-- most dominant anion-1.7-2.6 meq body fluid Balance osmotic pressure Ecf important electrolytes - ANSWER - *sodium na+ most important Extracellular cation 135-145meq body fluid balance and osmotic Pressure *chloride cl- most important extracellular anion 95-108 meq *calcium ca++ 4.3-5.3 meq function of neurons and muscle cells *bicarbonate hco3-22-26 meq Sodium chloride - ANSWER - *nacl (table salt) *one of the most common compounds in the body Normal saline (ns) - ANSWER - *salt solution (0.9% nacl) *commonly administered iv (intravenously) to augument body fluids *isotonic because it has the same nacl concentration as normal Body fluids Passive transport - ANSWER - *little force not too much energy Diffusion - ANSWER - *the random movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower oncentration *commonly occurs in liquids and gases Osmosis - ANSWER - *diffusion of water across a semipermeable Membrane *water molecules move passively from an area where they are Higher in numbers to an area where they are lower in numbers *the homeostatic mechanism of osmosis equalizes the Concentration of solutes within the body filtration - ANSWER - *transport of water and dissolved materials Through a membrane from an area of higher pressure to an area Of lower pressure Active transport - ANSWER - *requires energy expenditures *adenosine triphosphate (atp) Fluid and electrolytes balance - ANSWER - *vital for the proper functioning of all body Systems *body must maintain the correct portion of the fluids to solute in each compartment *body compensates for imbalances immediately *electrolyte may be lost through vomiting diarrhea or hemorrhage water intake and output - ANSWER - *body conserves and reuses water as much as possible *kidneys and to some extent the intestines continously filter and recycle water *a person must take in approximately the same. Amount of fluid as he or she loses *body can survive many days without food but only a few days without water 3 sources that water is obtained - ANSWER - *liquid intake ( by mouth or by a method Such as an iv) *result of food metabolism *end product of cellular respiration