SOCI 1510
SOCI 1510 EXAM 3 REVIEW QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
leisure - a period of time that can be spent relaxing, engaging recreation, or otherwise indulging
in freely chosen activities
recreation - any satisfying, amusing, and stimulating activity that is experienced as refreshing
and renewing for body, mind, and spirit
consumption - the utilization of goods and services, either for personal use on manufacturing
commodification - the process by which it becomes possible to buy and sell a particular good or
service
Conglomeration - the process by which a single corporation acquires ownership of a variety of
otherwise unrelated businesses
Synergy - a mutually beneficial interaction between parts of an organization that allows it to
create something greater than the sum of its individual outputs
Merger - the legal combination of two companies, usually in order to maximize efficiency and
profits by eliminating redundant infrastructure and personnel.
concentration - the process by which the number of companies producing and distributing a
particular commodity decreases, often through mergers and conglomeration
monopoly - a situation in which there is only one individual or organization, without
competitors, providing a particular good or service
SOCI 1510
,SOCI 1510
antitrust legislation - laws designed to maintain competition in the marketplace by prohibiting
monopolies, price fixing, or forms of collusion among businesses.
Deregulation - reduction or removal of government controls from an industry to allow for a free
and efficient marketplace
high culture - forms of cultural expression usually associated with the elite or dominant classes
popular culture - form of cultural expression usually associated with the masses, consumer
goods, and commercial products
taste publics - groups of people who share similar artistic, literary, media, recreational, and
intellectual interests
taste cultures - areas of culture that share similar aesthetics and standards of taste
Hypodermic needle theory (magic bullet theory) - a theory that explains the effects of media as
if their contents simply entered directly into the consumer, who is powerless to resist their
influence
Active Audience - a term used to characterize audience members as active participants in
"reading" or constructing the meaning of the media they consume
Uses and Gratifications paradigm - approaches to understanding media effects that focus on
individuals' psychological or social needs that consumption of various media fulfills
SOCI 1510
, SOCI 1510
Reinforcement Theory - theory that suggests that audiences seek messages in the media that
reinforce their existing attitudes and beliefs and are thus not influenced by challenging or
contradictory information
Agenda Setting Theory - theory that the mass media can set the public agenda by selecting
certain news stories and excluding others, thus influencing what audiences think about
two-step flow model - theory on media effects that suggests audiences get information through
opinion leaders who influence their attitudes and beliefs, rather than through direct firsthand
sources
interpretive strategies - the ideas and frameworks that audience members bring to bear on a
particular media text to understand its meaning
Encoding/Decoding - a theory on media that combines models that privilege the media
producer and models that view the audience as the primary source of meaning; this theory
recognize that media texts are created to deliver specific messages and that individuals actively
interpret them
textual poaching - Henry Jenkin's term describing the ways that audience members manipulate
an original cultural product to create a new one; a common way for fans to exert some control
over the media they consume
Polysemy - the property of having many possible meanings or interpretations
interpretive community - a group of people dedicated to the consumption and interpretation of
a particular cultural product and who create a collective, social meaning for the product
role model - an individual who serves as an example for others to strive toward emulate
SOCI 1510
SOCI 1510 EXAM 3 REVIEW QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
leisure - a period of time that can be spent relaxing, engaging recreation, or otherwise indulging
in freely chosen activities
recreation - any satisfying, amusing, and stimulating activity that is experienced as refreshing
and renewing for body, mind, and spirit
consumption - the utilization of goods and services, either for personal use on manufacturing
commodification - the process by which it becomes possible to buy and sell a particular good or
service
Conglomeration - the process by which a single corporation acquires ownership of a variety of
otherwise unrelated businesses
Synergy - a mutually beneficial interaction between parts of an organization that allows it to
create something greater than the sum of its individual outputs
Merger - the legal combination of two companies, usually in order to maximize efficiency and
profits by eliminating redundant infrastructure and personnel.
concentration - the process by which the number of companies producing and distributing a
particular commodity decreases, often through mergers and conglomeration
monopoly - a situation in which there is only one individual or organization, without
competitors, providing a particular good or service
SOCI 1510
,SOCI 1510
antitrust legislation - laws designed to maintain competition in the marketplace by prohibiting
monopolies, price fixing, or forms of collusion among businesses.
Deregulation - reduction or removal of government controls from an industry to allow for a free
and efficient marketplace
high culture - forms of cultural expression usually associated with the elite or dominant classes
popular culture - form of cultural expression usually associated with the masses, consumer
goods, and commercial products
taste publics - groups of people who share similar artistic, literary, media, recreational, and
intellectual interests
taste cultures - areas of culture that share similar aesthetics and standards of taste
Hypodermic needle theory (magic bullet theory) - a theory that explains the effects of media as
if their contents simply entered directly into the consumer, who is powerless to resist their
influence
Active Audience - a term used to characterize audience members as active participants in
"reading" or constructing the meaning of the media they consume
Uses and Gratifications paradigm - approaches to understanding media effects that focus on
individuals' psychological or social needs that consumption of various media fulfills
SOCI 1510
, SOCI 1510
Reinforcement Theory - theory that suggests that audiences seek messages in the media that
reinforce their existing attitudes and beliefs and are thus not influenced by challenging or
contradictory information
Agenda Setting Theory - theory that the mass media can set the public agenda by selecting
certain news stories and excluding others, thus influencing what audiences think about
two-step flow model - theory on media effects that suggests audiences get information through
opinion leaders who influence their attitudes and beliefs, rather than through direct firsthand
sources
interpretive strategies - the ideas and frameworks that audience members bring to bear on a
particular media text to understand its meaning
Encoding/Decoding - a theory on media that combines models that privilege the media
producer and models that view the audience as the primary source of meaning; this theory
recognize that media texts are created to deliver specific messages and that individuals actively
interpret them
textual poaching - Henry Jenkin's term describing the ways that audience members manipulate
an original cultural product to create a new one; a common way for fans to exert some control
over the media they consume
Polysemy - the property of having many possible meanings or interpretations
interpretive community - a group of people dedicated to the consumption and interpretation of
a particular cultural product and who create a collective, social meaning for the product
role model - an individual who serves as an example for others to strive toward emulate
SOCI 1510
