ne
lOMoAR cPSD| 24448587
EBERSOLE AND HESS' TOWARD HEALHY AGING 10th
sh
EDITION BY TOUHY
ne
la
tz
sh
Chapter 01: Aging, Health, and Wellness in a Global Community
Sp
Touhy: Ebersole & Hess’ Toward Healthy Aging, 10th Edition
ne
la
MULTIPLE CHOICE
sh
Sp
ne
1. When asked by new parents what the life expectancy is for their African American newborn,
la
the nurse replies that, “2015 statistics indicate that your son: a. will have a life expectancy
tz
of approximately 65 years.”
sh
b. can realistically expect to live into his late 80s.”
Sp
c. has a good chance of celebrating his 75th birthday.”
ne
d. is likely to live into his late 90s.”
la
ANS: C
sh
The overall life expectancy at birth in the United States in 2015 was 78.8. The disparity
Sp
between life expectancies for black and white Americans has narrowed significantly
ne
between 1999 and 2015, with the death rate for blacks (African Americans) dropping by
la
25% (Office of Minority Health, 2017). Of the options above, C is the only response that fits
tz
into those parameters. The other options are not supported by reliable research.
sh
Sp
ne
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning MSC:
Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
la
sh
2. A nurse is planning care for a group of super-centenarians in an assisted living facility. The
Sp
nurse considers which of the following?
ne
a. Most super-centenarians are functionally independent or require minimal assistance with
la
activities of daily living.
tz
b. The majority of super-centenarians have cognitive impairment. sh
Sp
c. The number of super-centenarians is expected to decrease in coming years as a result of
ne
heart disease and stroke.
d. It is theorized that super-centenarians survived as long as they have due to genetic
la
mutations that made them less susceptible to common diseases.
sh
Sp
ANS: A
ne
Research supports that most super-centenarians are functionally and cognitively intact,
requiring minimal assistance with ADLs. The number of super-centenarians is expected to
a
tz
increase in coming years as the number of older adults increases. Although centenarians still
l
sh
carry genetic markers within their chromosomes for any number of health problems, for as
Sp
yet unknown reasons, these are not “activated” until much later, if at all, when compared
ne
with other persons.
la
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
sh
Sp
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
3. One reason why many “baby boomers” have multiple chronic conditions such as heart
la
disease, diabetes, and arthritis is that:
Sp
, ne
lOMoAR cPSD| 24448587
a. they have less access to medication and other treatment regimens.
b. there was a lack of importance placed on healthy living as they were growing up.
sh
c. they did not have access to immunizations against communicable disease when they
ne
were children.
la
tz
d. they grew up in an era of rampant poverty and malnutrition.
sh
Sp
ANS: B
ne
The baby boomers, individuals born between 1946 and 1964, post-WWII, have better access
la
to medication and treatment regimens than other cohorts. They have had the benefit of the
development of immunizations against communicable diseases. They grew up in an era of
sh
prosperity post-WWII. However, there was a lack of importance placed on what we now
Sp
consider healthy living when they were younger. Smoking, for example, was not condoned,
ne
but was considered a symbol of status. Candy in the shape of cigarettes was popular, and
la
there was much secondhand smoke.
tz
sh
Sp
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
ne
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
la
4. A nurse is planning an education program on wellness in a local senior citizen center. The
sh
nurse plans to provide education on the importance of immunizations, annual physical
Sp
examinations, screening for diabetes, and vision and hearing screening. It is important for
ne
the nurse to understand which of the following?
la
a. Less than 50% of older adults (ages 65 and older) utilize available preventive services.
tz
b. Preventive strategies are more widely used in the 50-64 age-group than in the 65 and
sh
Sp
over age-group.
ne
c. The research on health promotion strategies in older adults demonstrates that they
have low efficacy.
la
d. There is an abundance of research specific to health promotion and aging.
sh
ANS: A
Sp
ne
Less than 50% of individuals, ages 65 and older, utilize the preventive services that are
available to them. However, only 25% of those between the ages of 50 and 64 do so. There
la
tz
is a paucity of research specific to health promotion and aging; however, the research that
sh
exists demonstrates that health promotion strategies are highly effective.
Sp
ne
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning MSC:
la
Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
sh
Sp
5. A nurse is caring for an 85-year-old male client with diabetes in a community setting. The
ne
nurse promotes functional wellness by which of the following activities? a. Encouraging
the client to maintain current levels of physical activity
a
b. Assisting the client to receive all the recommended preventive screenings that are
tz
l
sh
appropriate for his age-group
Sp
c. Teaching the patient how to use a rolling walker so that he can ambulate for longer
ne
distances
la
d. Encouraging the client to attend his weekly chess games
sh
ANS: A
Sp
Maintaining existing levels of physical activity is consistent with functional wellness.
Teaching the client how to use a rolling walker enables the client to remain active at the
la
Sp
, ne
lOMoAR cPSD| 24448587
highest level possible, which is an example of promoting functional wellness. Receiving
recommended screening is an example of promoting biological wellness. The use of a
sh
rolling walker should be based on assessment of physical ability. Encouraging the client to
ne
attend weekly chess games is an example of promoting social wellness.
la
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning MSC: Client
tz
sh
Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Sp
ne
6. Based on the census reports of 2015, the typical profile of a centenarian includes which of
la
the following characteristics?
a. An American woman with no signs of dementia
sh
Sp
b. A Japanese woman with chronic inflammation
ne
c. A Chinese man with an immune disorder
d. An American man who is a lifelong vegetarian
la
tz
ANS: A
sh
Sp
Based on the 2015 U.S. Census data, while the United States has highest number of
ne
centenarians, Japan has over double the number relative to the population as a whole. The
relatively low number of centenarians (and super-centenarians) with dementia of some kind
la
may be explained by the presence of some type of genetic neuroprotective factors. While
sh
most people have normal age-related declines in immune functioning and increases in a
Sp
state of chronic inflammation, this does not appear to be the case for this group of long lived
ne
people.
la
tz
DIF: Cognitive Level: applying Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
sh
Sp
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
ne
la
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
sh
1. Primary prevention strategies for older adults include which of the following? (Select all
Sp
ne
that apply.)
a. An annual influenza immunization clinic
la
b. A smoking cessation program
tz
c. A prostate screening program
sh
Sp
d. A cardiac rehabilitation program
ne
e. A meal planning education program for type 2 diabetics
la
ANS: A, B
sh
Primary prevention refers to strategies that are used to prevent an illness before it occurs and
Sp
maintaining wellness across the continuum of care. Immunizations and smoking cessation
ne
are examples of primary prevention. Secondary prevention is the early detection of a disease
a
or a health problem that has already developed. Prostate screening is an example of
tz
secondary prevention. Tertiary prevention addresses the needs of individuals who already
l
sh
have their wellness challenged. Cardiac rehabilitation and meal planning for diabetics are
Sp
ne
examples of tertiary prevention.
la
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
sh
MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care
Sp
la
Sp
, ne
lOMoAR cPSD| 24448587
2. A nurse organizes a symposium for health care professionals in the field of geriatrics. Which
of the following topics align with Healthy People 2020s emerging issues relevant to healthy
sh
aging? (Select all that apply.)
ne
a. Fair pay and compensation standards for informal caregivers
b. Longevity and genetics
la
c. Emerging chronic conditions among baby boomers
tz
sh
d. Minimum competency levels for health care professionals
Sp
e. Health disparities in LGBT older adults
ne
ANS: A, C, D, E
la
Issues outlined in Healthy People 2020: Emerging issues in the health of older adults
sh
include person-centered care planning that includes caregivers; quality measures of care and
Sp
monitoring of health conditions; fair pay and compensation standards for formal and
ne
informal caregivers; minimum levels of geriatric training for health professionals; and
la
enhanced data on certain subpopulations of older adults, including aging LGBT populations.
tz
Longevity and genetics is an important subject to study but is not listed as an emerging issue
sh
Sp
to focus on for Healthy People 2020.
ne
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyzing TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning MSC:
la
Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
sh
Sp
3. Baby boomers born before 1960 were subject to which of the following health challenges
ne
during their childhood? (Select all that apply.) a. Measles
la
b. Scarlet fever
tz
c. Rubella
sh
Sp
d. Smallpox
ne
e. HIV/AIDS
la
ANS: A, B, C
Most boomers born in 1950s contracted at least several of the “childhood diseases” of
sh
Sp
measles, mumps, rubella, and chicken pox. Scarlet fever was also common. Smallpox was a
ne
concern for the centenarians, not this generation. HIV/AIDS had not been identified in the
early years of 1915-1945.
la
tz
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
sh
TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
Sp
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
ne
la
4. A nursing student is preparing a presentation on the wellness-based model for healthy aging.
Which of the following concepts should the student include in the presentation? (Select all
sh
Sp
that apply.)
ne
a. Healthy aging is defined by the absence of physical illness alone.
b. Healthy aging is individually defined and can change over time.
a
c. There are many strategies to promote healthy aging that are believed to be helpful but do
tz
l
sh
not have empirical evidence to support them.
Sp
d. Healthy aging cannot be achieved by only focusing on later life. It is a lifelong process.
ne
e. According to this model, an individual with a chronic disease would not be
la
considered healthy.
sh
ANS: B, C, D
Sp
Healthy aging is a lifelong process that begins with birth and ends with death. The concept
of healthy aging from a wellness perspective is uniquely defined by each individual and can
la
Sp
lOMoAR cPSD| 24448587
EBERSOLE AND HESS' TOWARD HEALHY AGING 10th
sh
EDITION BY TOUHY
ne
la
tz
sh
Chapter 01: Aging, Health, and Wellness in a Global Community
Sp
Touhy: Ebersole & Hess’ Toward Healthy Aging, 10th Edition
ne
la
MULTIPLE CHOICE
sh
Sp
ne
1. When asked by new parents what the life expectancy is for their African American newborn,
la
the nurse replies that, “2015 statistics indicate that your son: a. will have a life expectancy
tz
of approximately 65 years.”
sh
b. can realistically expect to live into his late 80s.”
Sp
c. has a good chance of celebrating his 75th birthday.”
ne
d. is likely to live into his late 90s.”
la
ANS: C
sh
The overall life expectancy at birth in the United States in 2015 was 78.8. The disparity
Sp
between life expectancies for black and white Americans has narrowed significantly
ne
between 1999 and 2015, with the death rate for blacks (African Americans) dropping by
la
25% (Office of Minority Health, 2017). Of the options above, C is the only response that fits
tz
into those parameters. The other options are not supported by reliable research.
sh
Sp
ne
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning MSC:
Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
la
sh
2. A nurse is planning care for a group of super-centenarians in an assisted living facility. The
Sp
nurse considers which of the following?
ne
a. Most super-centenarians are functionally independent or require minimal assistance with
la
activities of daily living.
tz
b. The majority of super-centenarians have cognitive impairment. sh
Sp
c. The number of super-centenarians is expected to decrease in coming years as a result of
ne
heart disease and stroke.
d. It is theorized that super-centenarians survived as long as they have due to genetic
la
mutations that made them less susceptible to common diseases.
sh
Sp
ANS: A
ne
Research supports that most super-centenarians are functionally and cognitively intact,
requiring minimal assistance with ADLs. The number of super-centenarians is expected to
a
tz
increase in coming years as the number of older adults increases. Although centenarians still
l
sh
carry genetic markers within their chromosomes for any number of health problems, for as
Sp
yet unknown reasons, these are not “activated” until much later, if at all, when compared
ne
with other persons.
la
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
sh
Sp
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
3. One reason why many “baby boomers” have multiple chronic conditions such as heart
la
disease, diabetes, and arthritis is that:
Sp
, ne
lOMoAR cPSD| 24448587
a. they have less access to medication and other treatment regimens.
b. there was a lack of importance placed on healthy living as they were growing up.
sh
c. they did not have access to immunizations against communicable disease when they
ne
were children.
la
tz
d. they grew up in an era of rampant poverty and malnutrition.
sh
Sp
ANS: B
ne
The baby boomers, individuals born between 1946 and 1964, post-WWII, have better access
la
to medication and treatment regimens than other cohorts. They have had the benefit of the
development of immunizations against communicable diseases. They grew up in an era of
sh
prosperity post-WWII. However, there was a lack of importance placed on what we now
Sp
consider healthy living when they were younger. Smoking, for example, was not condoned,
ne
but was considered a symbol of status. Candy in the shape of cigarettes was popular, and
la
there was much secondhand smoke.
tz
sh
Sp
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
ne
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
la
4. A nurse is planning an education program on wellness in a local senior citizen center. The
sh
nurse plans to provide education on the importance of immunizations, annual physical
Sp
examinations, screening for diabetes, and vision and hearing screening. It is important for
ne
the nurse to understand which of the following?
la
a. Less than 50% of older adults (ages 65 and older) utilize available preventive services.
tz
b. Preventive strategies are more widely used in the 50-64 age-group than in the 65 and
sh
Sp
over age-group.
ne
c. The research on health promotion strategies in older adults demonstrates that they
have low efficacy.
la
d. There is an abundance of research specific to health promotion and aging.
sh
ANS: A
Sp
ne
Less than 50% of individuals, ages 65 and older, utilize the preventive services that are
available to them. However, only 25% of those between the ages of 50 and 64 do so. There
la
tz
is a paucity of research specific to health promotion and aging; however, the research that
sh
exists demonstrates that health promotion strategies are highly effective.
Sp
ne
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning MSC:
la
Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
sh
Sp
5. A nurse is caring for an 85-year-old male client with diabetes in a community setting. The
ne
nurse promotes functional wellness by which of the following activities? a. Encouraging
the client to maintain current levels of physical activity
a
b. Assisting the client to receive all the recommended preventive screenings that are
tz
l
sh
appropriate for his age-group
Sp
c. Teaching the patient how to use a rolling walker so that he can ambulate for longer
ne
distances
la
d. Encouraging the client to attend his weekly chess games
sh
ANS: A
Sp
Maintaining existing levels of physical activity is consistent with functional wellness.
Teaching the client how to use a rolling walker enables the client to remain active at the
la
Sp
, ne
lOMoAR cPSD| 24448587
highest level possible, which is an example of promoting functional wellness. Receiving
recommended screening is an example of promoting biological wellness. The use of a
sh
rolling walker should be based on assessment of physical ability. Encouraging the client to
ne
attend weekly chess games is an example of promoting social wellness.
la
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning MSC: Client
tz
sh
Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Sp
ne
6. Based on the census reports of 2015, the typical profile of a centenarian includes which of
la
the following characteristics?
a. An American woman with no signs of dementia
sh
Sp
b. A Japanese woman with chronic inflammation
ne
c. A Chinese man with an immune disorder
d. An American man who is a lifelong vegetarian
la
tz
ANS: A
sh
Sp
Based on the 2015 U.S. Census data, while the United States has highest number of
ne
centenarians, Japan has over double the number relative to the population as a whole. The
relatively low number of centenarians (and super-centenarians) with dementia of some kind
la
may be explained by the presence of some type of genetic neuroprotective factors. While
sh
most people have normal age-related declines in immune functioning and increases in a
Sp
state of chronic inflammation, this does not appear to be the case for this group of long lived
ne
people.
la
tz
DIF: Cognitive Level: applying Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
sh
Sp
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
ne
la
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
sh
1. Primary prevention strategies for older adults include which of the following? (Select all
Sp
ne
that apply.)
a. An annual influenza immunization clinic
la
b. A smoking cessation program
tz
c. A prostate screening program
sh
Sp
d. A cardiac rehabilitation program
ne
e. A meal planning education program for type 2 diabetics
la
ANS: A, B
sh
Primary prevention refers to strategies that are used to prevent an illness before it occurs and
Sp
maintaining wellness across the continuum of care. Immunizations and smoking cessation
ne
are examples of primary prevention. Secondary prevention is the early detection of a disease
a
or a health problem that has already developed. Prostate screening is an example of
tz
secondary prevention. Tertiary prevention addresses the needs of individuals who already
l
sh
have their wellness challenged. Cardiac rehabilitation and meal planning for diabetics are
Sp
ne
examples of tertiary prevention.
la
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
sh
MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care
Sp
la
Sp
, ne
lOMoAR cPSD| 24448587
2. A nurse organizes a symposium for health care professionals in the field of geriatrics. Which
of the following topics align with Healthy People 2020s emerging issues relevant to healthy
sh
aging? (Select all that apply.)
ne
a. Fair pay and compensation standards for informal caregivers
b. Longevity and genetics
la
c. Emerging chronic conditions among baby boomers
tz
sh
d. Minimum competency levels for health care professionals
Sp
e. Health disparities in LGBT older adults
ne
ANS: A, C, D, E
la
Issues outlined in Healthy People 2020: Emerging issues in the health of older adults
sh
include person-centered care planning that includes caregivers; quality measures of care and
Sp
monitoring of health conditions; fair pay and compensation standards for formal and
ne
informal caregivers; minimum levels of geriatric training for health professionals; and
la
enhanced data on certain subpopulations of older adults, including aging LGBT populations.
tz
Longevity and genetics is an important subject to study but is not listed as an emerging issue
sh
Sp
to focus on for Healthy People 2020.
ne
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyzing TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning MSC:
la
Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
sh
Sp
3. Baby boomers born before 1960 were subject to which of the following health challenges
ne
during their childhood? (Select all that apply.) a. Measles
la
b. Scarlet fever
tz
c. Rubella
sh
Sp
d. Smallpox
ne
e. HIV/AIDS
la
ANS: A, B, C
Most boomers born in 1950s contracted at least several of the “childhood diseases” of
sh
Sp
measles, mumps, rubella, and chicken pox. Scarlet fever was also common. Smallpox was a
ne
concern for the centenarians, not this generation. HIV/AIDS had not been identified in the
early years of 1915-1945.
la
tz
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
sh
TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
Sp
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
ne
la
4. A nursing student is preparing a presentation on the wellness-based model for healthy aging.
Which of the following concepts should the student include in the presentation? (Select all
sh
Sp
that apply.)
ne
a. Healthy aging is defined by the absence of physical illness alone.
b. Healthy aging is individually defined and can change over time.
a
c. There are many strategies to promote healthy aging that are believed to be helpful but do
tz
l
sh
not have empirical evidence to support them.
Sp
d. Healthy aging cannot be achieved by only focusing on later life. It is a lifelong process.
ne
e. According to this model, an individual with a chronic disease would not be
la
considered healthy.
sh
ANS: B, C, D
Sp
Healthy aging is a lifelong process that begins with birth and ends with death. The concept
of healthy aging from a wellness perspective is uniquely defined by each individual and can
la
Sp
