Research Methods in Social Science
– Final Year Student Guide
(Simplified & Practical)
Introduction: What is research in social
science?
.Types of Research (qualitative,
quantitative, mixed)
.Research Designs (descriptive,
explanatory, exploratory, etc.)
.Sampling Methods (random, purposive,
snowball, etc.)
.Data Collection Methods (interviews,
surveys, observation)
.Data Analysis (coding, SPSS, thematic
analysis, etc.)
.Ethical Considerations
.Common Mistakes Final- Year Students
Make
.Short case study: A sample mini-project
overview
.5 exam- style questions + answers
.Summary & key terms to remembel
, Introduction
What is Research in Social Science?
Research in social science is the process of systematically
investigating people, societies, cultures, institutions, and
behaviors to understand how they function and interact. It
involves collecting data, analyzing it, and drawing
conclusions to answer specific questions about social
phenomena.
Social science research differs from natural science in that
it deals with human behavior, which is complex and
influenced by many factors such as culture, beliefs, and
emotions. Therefore, research in this field often uses both
qualitative and quantitative methods to capture this
complexity.
Why is it important?
-It helps explain how societies operate.
-It influences policy decisions and development strategies. -
It builds knowledge that can be used to solve social
problems.
-It equips students and professionals with analytical and
critical thinking skills.
This guide breaks down all major areas of research methods
into simple, clear explanations to help final-year students
excel in exams, assignments, and real-world applications.
, Types of Research
1. Qualitative Research
This type of research focuses on understanding meaning,
experiences, and social processes. It uses methods such as
interviews, focus groups, and participant observation.
Example: A researcher interviews university students about their
experiences with online learning during the pandemic.
2. Quantitative Research
Quantitative research involves numerical data and statistical
analysis. It is used to measure variables and test hypotheses.
Example: A survey of 300 students is conducted to measure
the correlation between study time and exam performance.
3. Mixed Methods Research
Mixed methods combine both qualitative and quantitative
approaches in a single study. This allows for a deeper
understanding of the research problem.
Example: A researcher uses a survey to collect data on student
stress levels (quantitative) and then conducts interviews to
explore why students feel stressed (qualitative).
Each type of research has its strengths and is chosen based on
the research question and objectives.
Research Designs?
– Final Year Student Guide
(Simplified & Practical)
Introduction: What is research in social
science?
.Types of Research (qualitative,
quantitative, mixed)
.Research Designs (descriptive,
explanatory, exploratory, etc.)
.Sampling Methods (random, purposive,
snowball, etc.)
.Data Collection Methods (interviews,
surveys, observation)
.Data Analysis (coding, SPSS, thematic
analysis, etc.)
.Ethical Considerations
.Common Mistakes Final- Year Students
Make
.Short case study: A sample mini-project
overview
.5 exam- style questions + answers
.Summary & key terms to remembel
, Introduction
What is Research in Social Science?
Research in social science is the process of systematically
investigating people, societies, cultures, institutions, and
behaviors to understand how they function and interact. It
involves collecting data, analyzing it, and drawing
conclusions to answer specific questions about social
phenomena.
Social science research differs from natural science in that
it deals with human behavior, which is complex and
influenced by many factors such as culture, beliefs, and
emotions. Therefore, research in this field often uses both
qualitative and quantitative methods to capture this
complexity.
Why is it important?
-It helps explain how societies operate.
-It influences policy decisions and development strategies. -
It builds knowledge that can be used to solve social
problems.
-It equips students and professionals with analytical and
critical thinking skills.
This guide breaks down all major areas of research methods
into simple, clear explanations to help final-year students
excel in exams, assignments, and real-world applications.
, Types of Research
1. Qualitative Research
This type of research focuses on understanding meaning,
experiences, and social processes. It uses methods such as
interviews, focus groups, and participant observation.
Example: A researcher interviews university students about their
experiences with online learning during the pandemic.
2. Quantitative Research
Quantitative research involves numerical data and statistical
analysis. It is used to measure variables and test hypotheses.
Example: A survey of 300 students is conducted to measure
the correlation between study time and exam performance.
3. Mixed Methods Research
Mixed methods combine both qualitative and quantitative
approaches in a single study. This allows for a deeper
understanding of the research problem.
Example: A researcher uses a survey to collect data on student
stress levels (quantitative) and then conducts interviews to
explore why students feel stressed (qualitative).
Each type of research has its strengths and is chosen based on
the research question and objectives.
Research Designs?
