JBL Test Prep EMT Questions With Correct Answers.
Which of the following patients has the highest priority at the scene of a mass-
casualty incident?
A) 29-year-old man who is pulseless and apneic with an abdominal
evisceration
B) 35-year-old unresponsive woman with snoring respirations and severe
burns
C) 38-year-old woman who remains apneic after you manually open her
airway
D) 44-year-old unresponsive man with an open head injury and agonal gasps -
accurate answers-B) 35-year-old unresponsive woman with snoring
respirations and severe burns
The goal of triage is to provide the greatest good for the greatest number of
people. Relative to the other patients, who are either in respiratory or cardiac
arrest or have injuries incompatible with life, the woman with snoring
respirations and severe burns has the best chance for survival. Therefore, she
is the highest treatment priority.
Following delivery of a newborn, the 21-year-old mother is experiencing mild
vaginal bleeding. You note that her heart rate has increased from 90 to 120
beats/min and she is diaphoretic. Treatment should include:
A) uterine massage for 5 minutes, and then transport.
B) placing her in a left-lateral recumbent position and transport.
C) treating for shock and performing uterine massage during transport.
D) placing sterile pads into her vagina and treating for shock during transport.
- accurate answers-C) treating for shock and performing uterine massage
during transport.
Blood loss of up to 500 mL within the first 24 hours after delivery is
considered normal and usually is well tolerated by the mother. However, any
bleeding, regardless of the severity, with accompanying signs of shock, must
be treated at once. In this case, you should apply high-flow oxygen, treat for
shock (keep her supine and cover her with warm blankets), and provide rapid
transport to the hospital while massaging the uterine fundus en route. Placing
the mother on her left side is appropriate before she delivers (and if she is not
,in shock) and prevents supine hypotensive syndrome. Dressings should never
be packed into the vagina as this increases the risk for maternal infection.
Which of the following is considered a severe burn in a pediatric patient?
A) Partial thickness burns to 15% of the body surface area
B) Any full-thickness burn, regardless of body surface coverage
C) Any partial-thickness burn that involves the lower extremities
D) Superficial burns that cover 5% to 10% of the body surface area - accurate
answers-B) Any full-thickness burn, regardless of body surface coverage
Minor burns in pediatric patients include small coverage area superficial
burns and partial-thickness burns that involve less than 10% of the body
surface area. Partial-thickness burns involving 10% to 20% of the body
surface area are classified as moderate burns. Severe burns in pediatric
patients include any full-thickness burn, regardless of location or body surface
area coverage; partial-thickness burns involving more than 20% of the body
surface area; and any burn involving the hands, feet, face, airway, or genitalia.
A patient is unresponsive with snoring respirations. His arm is amputated just
above the elbow and is bleeding heavily. The EMT should:
A) open the patient's airway.
B) apply a proximal tourniquet.
C) administer high-flow oxygen.
D) ventilate with a bag-mask device. - accurate answers-B) apply a proximal
tourniquet.
Major hemorrhage kills patients faster than a compromised airway, so in this
case, bleeding control has the highest priority. The EMT should apply a
proximal tourniquet and stop the bleeding immediately. Attention can then
turn to the patient's airway and breathing status. As with any patient,
treatment priorities must focus on injuries or conditions that will be the MOST
immediately fatal.
A 5-year-old child is unresponsive and cyanotic. His pulses are weak and slow,
and his breathing is slow. What should you do?
A) Begin chest compressions.
B) Ventilate with a bag-mask device.
C) Give oxygen by nonrebreathing mask.
,D) Apply the automated external defibrillator. - accurate answers-B) Ventilate
with a bag-mask device.
Most cardiac arrests in infants and children are caused by hypoxia secondary
to respiratory failure. Unlike adults, they rarely develop dysrhythmias such as
ventricular fibrillation. When infants and children become hypoxic, they
develop bradycardia. Any infant or child who has bradycardia and poor
breathing should be ventilated with a bag-mask device immediately. The
presence of cyanosis indicates severe hypoxia and must be treated
aggressively. If the child's heart rate falls below 60 beats/min despite
adequate bag-mask ventilation, begin chest compressions. The automated
external defibrillator (AED) is only indicated for patients in cardiac arrest; the
child in this scenario is not in cardiac arrest.
Which of the following signs and symptoms should the EMT expect to
encounter in a patient with severe anemia?
A) Pallor and shortness of breath
B) Flushed skin and a slow pulse
C) Jaundice and abdominal pain
D) Hematemesis and nosebleed - accurate answers-A) Pallor and shortness of
breath
Anemia is a deficiency of red blood cells (erythrocytes). Recall that red blood
cells carry hemoglobin, which binds to oxygen, in order to deliver oxygen to
the body's cells and tissues. You would expect the severely anemic patient to
be pale (because of fewer red blood cells). In addition, because the patient's
oxygen-carrying capacity is reduced, shortness of breath is also a common
finding. In response to hypoxia, the patient would become tachycardic.
Flushed (red) skin is not expected in anemic patients; you would expect
flushing to occur if the patient had excessive red blood cell production
(polycythemia). Jaundice (yellow skin) is observed in patients with liver
disease or dysfunction, not anemia. Hematemesis and nosebleed may be
observed in patients with low platelet levels (thrombocytopenia), not anemia.
A patient presents with severe bradycardia, hypersalivation, vomiting, and
excessive tearing. Which of the following agents would MOST likely cause his
signs and symptoms?
A) Soman
B) Anthrax
, C) Chlorine
D) Phosgene - accurate answers-A) Soman
Nerve agents (eg, V agent [VX], sarin [GB], soman [GD], tabun [GA]) are among
the most deadly chemicals developed. Designed to kill large numbers of
people with small quantities, nerve agents can cause cardiac arrest within
seconds to minutes of exposure. Nerve agents, which were discovered by
researchers looking for a superior pesticide, are classified as
organophosphates; these chemicals are found in household bug sprays,
agricultural pesticides, and some industrial chemicals. Organophosphates
block an essential enzyme in the nervous system, which causes the body's
organs to become overstimulated. The mnemonic DUMBELS can help you
recall the signs and symptoms of nerve agent exposure; it stands for Diarrhea;
Urination; Miosis (constricted pupils); Bradycardia; Emesis (vomiting),
Lacrimation (excessive tearing); and Seizures, Salivation, and Sweating. You
can also use the mnemonic SLUDGEM, which stands for Salivation,
Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation, Gastrointestinal distress, Emesis, and
Miosis.
Which of the following statements regarding pediatric anatomy is correct?
A) The child's trachea is more rigid and less prone to collapse.
B) The occiput is proportionately larger when compared to an adult.
C) Relative to the overall size of the airway, a child's epiglottis is smaller.
D) Airway obstruction is common in children because of their large uvula. -
accurate answers-B) The occiput is proportionately larger when compared to
an adult.
Compared to adults, infants and small children have a proportionately larger
head, specifically the occiput (back of the head). Therefore, when positioning
an infant's or child's airway, padding in between the shoulder blades is often
needed to maintain neutral alignment of the head. Infants and children are at
risk for an airway obstruction because their entire airway is smaller, not
because their uvula is large. An infant's or child's trachea is less rigid than an
adult's; therefore, it collapses more easily during respiratory distress. Relative
to the overall size of an infant or a child's airway, the epiglottis is larger; it is
also floppier.
Which artery should you palpate when assessing for a pulse in an
unresponsive 6-month-old infant?
Which of the following patients has the highest priority at the scene of a mass-
casualty incident?
A) 29-year-old man who is pulseless and apneic with an abdominal
evisceration
B) 35-year-old unresponsive woman with snoring respirations and severe
burns
C) 38-year-old woman who remains apneic after you manually open her
airway
D) 44-year-old unresponsive man with an open head injury and agonal gasps -
accurate answers-B) 35-year-old unresponsive woman with snoring
respirations and severe burns
The goal of triage is to provide the greatest good for the greatest number of
people. Relative to the other patients, who are either in respiratory or cardiac
arrest or have injuries incompatible with life, the woman with snoring
respirations and severe burns has the best chance for survival. Therefore, she
is the highest treatment priority.
Following delivery of a newborn, the 21-year-old mother is experiencing mild
vaginal bleeding. You note that her heart rate has increased from 90 to 120
beats/min and she is diaphoretic. Treatment should include:
A) uterine massage for 5 minutes, and then transport.
B) placing her in a left-lateral recumbent position and transport.
C) treating for shock and performing uterine massage during transport.
D) placing sterile pads into her vagina and treating for shock during transport.
- accurate answers-C) treating for shock and performing uterine massage
during transport.
Blood loss of up to 500 mL within the first 24 hours after delivery is
considered normal and usually is well tolerated by the mother. However, any
bleeding, regardless of the severity, with accompanying signs of shock, must
be treated at once. In this case, you should apply high-flow oxygen, treat for
shock (keep her supine and cover her with warm blankets), and provide rapid
transport to the hospital while massaging the uterine fundus en route. Placing
the mother on her left side is appropriate before she delivers (and if she is not
,in shock) and prevents supine hypotensive syndrome. Dressings should never
be packed into the vagina as this increases the risk for maternal infection.
Which of the following is considered a severe burn in a pediatric patient?
A) Partial thickness burns to 15% of the body surface area
B) Any full-thickness burn, regardless of body surface coverage
C) Any partial-thickness burn that involves the lower extremities
D) Superficial burns that cover 5% to 10% of the body surface area - accurate
answers-B) Any full-thickness burn, regardless of body surface coverage
Minor burns in pediatric patients include small coverage area superficial
burns and partial-thickness burns that involve less than 10% of the body
surface area. Partial-thickness burns involving 10% to 20% of the body
surface area are classified as moderate burns. Severe burns in pediatric
patients include any full-thickness burn, regardless of location or body surface
area coverage; partial-thickness burns involving more than 20% of the body
surface area; and any burn involving the hands, feet, face, airway, or genitalia.
A patient is unresponsive with snoring respirations. His arm is amputated just
above the elbow and is bleeding heavily. The EMT should:
A) open the patient's airway.
B) apply a proximal tourniquet.
C) administer high-flow oxygen.
D) ventilate with a bag-mask device. - accurate answers-B) apply a proximal
tourniquet.
Major hemorrhage kills patients faster than a compromised airway, so in this
case, bleeding control has the highest priority. The EMT should apply a
proximal tourniquet and stop the bleeding immediately. Attention can then
turn to the patient's airway and breathing status. As with any patient,
treatment priorities must focus on injuries or conditions that will be the MOST
immediately fatal.
A 5-year-old child is unresponsive and cyanotic. His pulses are weak and slow,
and his breathing is slow. What should you do?
A) Begin chest compressions.
B) Ventilate with a bag-mask device.
C) Give oxygen by nonrebreathing mask.
,D) Apply the automated external defibrillator. - accurate answers-B) Ventilate
with a bag-mask device.
Most cardiac arrests in infants and children are caused by hypoxia secondary
to respiratory failure. Unlike adults, they rarely develop dysrhythmias such as
ventricular fibrillation. When infants and children become hypoxic, they
develop bradycardia. Any infant or child who has bradycardia and poor
breathing should be ventilated with a bag-mask device immediately. The
presence of cyanosis indicates severe hypoxia and must be treated
aggressively. If the child's heart rate falls below 60 beats/min despite
adequate bag-mask ventilation, begin chest compressions. The automated
external defibrillator (AED) is only indicated for patients in cardiac arrest; the
child in this scenario is not in cardiac arrest.
Which of the following signs and symptoms should the EMT expect to
encounter in a patient with severe anemia?
A) Pallor and shortness of breath
B) Flushed skin and a slow pulse
C) Jaundice and abdominal pain
D) Hematemesis and nosebleed - accurate answers-A) Pallor and shortness of
breath
Anemia is a deficiency of red blood cells (erythrocytes). Recall that red blood
cells carry hemoglobin, which binds to oxygen, in order to deliver oxygen to
the body's cells and tissues. You would expect the severely anemic patient to
be pale (because of fewer red blood cells). In addition, because the patient's
oxygen-carrying capacity is reduced, shortness of breath is also a common
finding. In response to hypoxia, the patient would become tachycardic.
Flushed (red) skin is not expected in anemic patients; you would expect
flushing to occur if the patient had excessive red blood cell production
(polycythemia). Jaundice (yellow skin) is observed in patients with liver
disease or dysfunction, not anemia. Hematemesis and nosebleed may be
observed in patients with low platelet levels (thrombocytopenia), not anemia.
A patient presents with severe bradycardia, hypersalivation, vomiting, and
excessive tearing. Which of the following agents would MOST likely cause his
signs and symptoms?
A) Soman
B) Anthrax
, C) Chlorine
D) Phosgene - accurate answers-A) Soman
Nerve agents (eg, V agent [VX], sarin [GB], soman [GD], tabun [GA]) are among
the most deadly chemicals developed. Designed to kill large numbers of
people with small quantities, nerve agents can cause cardiac arrest within
seconds to minutes of exposure. Nerve agents, which were discovered by
researchers looking for a superior pesticide, are classified as
organophosphates; these chemicals are found in household bug sprays,
agricultural pesticides, and some industrial chemicals. Organophosphates
block an essential enzyme in the nervous system, which causes the body's
organs to become overstimulated. The mnemonic DUMBELS can help you
recall the signs and symptoms of nerve agent exposure; it stands for Diarrhea;
Urination; Miosis (constricted pupils); Bradycardia; Emesis (vomiting),
Lacrimation (excessive tearing); and Seizures, Salivation, and Sweating. You
can also use the mnemonic SLUDGEM, which stands for Salivation,
Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation, Gastrointestinal distress, Emesis, and
Miosis.
Which of the following statements regarding pediatric anatomy is correct?
A) The child's trachea is more rigid and less prone to collapse.
B) The occiput is proportionately larger when compared to an adult.
C) Relative to the overall size of the airway, a child's epiglottis is smaller.
D) Airway obstruction is common in children because of their large uvula. -
accurate answers-B) The occiput is proportionately larger when compared to
an adult.
Compared to adults, infants and small children have a proportionately larger
head, specifically the occiput (back of the head). Therefore, when positioning
an infant's or child's airway, padding in between the shoulder blades is often
needed to maintain neutral alignment of the head. Infants and children are at
risk for an airway obstruction because their entire airway is smaller, not
because their uvula is large. An infant's or child's trachea is less rigid than an
adult's; therefore, it collapses more easily during respiratory distress. Relative
to the overall size of an infant or a child's airway, the epiglottis is larger; it is
also floppier.
Which artery should you palpate when assessing for a pulse in an
unresponsive 6-month-old infant?
