ASTRO7N Exam 2: Penn State Astronomy Final Review 2025 || Verified
Multiple Choice, Practice Questions, Answer Explanations || Covers Stars,
Galaxies, and Cosmology | High-Yield Success LATEST!!
A 50 solar mass star is at a larger distance than a 4 solar mass star. Which star appears brighter?- CORRECT
ANSWER ✔✔We cannot tell with the information given.
The heaviest nuclei of all are formed ...- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔during a supernova explosion
Which of the following will have the shortest lifetime on the main sequence?- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔main
sequence star with surface temperature 20000K
A 2 solar mass main sequence star is at the same distance as a 0.2 solar mass main sequence star. Which star
appears brighter?- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔the 2 solar mass main sequence star appears brighter
The temperature of the photosphere of the Sun is closest to- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔6000 Kelvin
What is the exoplanet's orbital period, and the percent brightness drop in light, for the case in the image above
from the Kepler Exoplanet Transit Hunt activity?
(PICTURE REQUIRED) (MARIE, Q6) (2x)- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔5 days and 0.30%
In what box does the galaxy in the bottom center belong in this Hubble tuning fork diagram? (PICTURE
REQUIRED) (ALEX, Q7)- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔Irr
Both of the bulbs in the picture above are 25 Watt bulbs. How may times fainter does the upper bulb appear
than the lower bulb when viewed from the two detectors show in the image? (PICTURE REQUIRED) (ALEX,
Q8)- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔4 times fainter
In the figure above, how would you calculate the fraction of the mass of the gas in the universe that is in the
form of Helium? (PICTURE REQUIRED) (ALEX, Q9)- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔take 4 × 4 for the mass of
Helium, and divide by 4 × 4 + 48 × 1 for the total mass
,Which of the stars in the diagram above is the hottest? (PICTURE REQUIRED) (MARIE, Q17) (2x)-
CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔D
If the entire mass of Earth were concentrated in a region the size of a marble, the resulting object would be:-
CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔a black hole
In the convection zone of the Sun: (2x)- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔columns of hot gas rise, cool, and descend.
What is the general result of the proton-proton chain?- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔4 H -> He + energy + other
products
What is the first step in the p-p chain? (2x)- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔a proton combines with a proton to make
Hydrogen-2 (Deuterium)
In the transit method of finding extrasolar planets, the distance of the planet from its star is found from: (2x)-
CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔Kepler's 3rd law using the period of the planet's orbit (how often a transit occurs).
Which of the following is TRUE?- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔the Kepler mission has discovered many
extrasolar planets
Which star on this H-R diagram is the main sequence star with the largest mass? (PICTURE REQUIRED)
(ALEX, Q17)- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔D
Which of the stars on this H-R diagram would appear brightest if all are at the same distance? (PICTURE
REQUIRED) (ALEX, Q18)- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔C
The sequence of events for the Sun-like star is (2x)- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔stellar nursery, protostar, Sun-
like star on main sequence, red giant, planetary nebula, white dwarf
Life found on Earth that could exist in the total darkness and immense pressures in the liquid oceans of Europa
is (2x)- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔hydrothermal vent communities
,Star "B" is four times further away from the Sun than Star "A." The parallax angle of Star "B" is ... (2x)-
CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔four times smaller than that of Star "A"
A star that is 70 percent the mass of our Sun would have a habitable zone that:- CORRECT ANSWER
✔✔includes Venus but not the Earth
How many neutrons are there in helium-3? (2x)- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔1
How can we measure the mass of a black hole?- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔measure the speed of the orbit of a
star in a binary system with the black hole
Which star on this H-R diagram is a B5 star that is 80 solar radii? (PICTURE REQUIRED) (Marie, Q24) (2x)-
CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔A
How many times bigger are galaxy clusters than individual galaxies?- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔hundreds of
times bigger
A hoop shaped eruption out of the Sun is called- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔a prominence
What is in this image? (PICTURE REQUIRED) (ALEX, Q28)- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔Cat's Eye planetary
nebula
Which contains more stars?- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔a spiral galaxy
What type of galaxy is this? (PICTURE REQUIRED) (ALEX, Q30)- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔E1
How tiny a spot is the Hubble Deep Field? (2x)- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔The size of President Roosevelt's
eye on a dime held at arm's length.
Among these choices, what is the last thing that happens in the history of the Universe?- CORRECT ANSWER
✔✔electrons join with nuclei to make atoms
, If a galaxy is moving away from us, the wavelength of the light it emits will be- CORRECT ANSWER
✔✔increased.
What are the standard candles that were used to determine the Universe is accelerating?- CORRECT ANSWER
✔✔Type Ia supernovae
Which of the following main-sequence turnoffs indicates the oldest globular cluster? (2x)- CORRECT
ANSWER ✔✔(youngest)G2, K5, something M (oldest)
Only will select one of the 3 in a problem
Roughly how many stars are in the Milky Way Galaxy?- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔400 billion
Where do stars form in the galaxy today?- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔in the disk
What is in this image? (PICTURE REQUIRED) (ALEX, Q38)- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔V838 Mon nova
If there was less dark matter in galaxies- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔gas in the outer disk would rotate more
slowly
The best model of the Universe has the following parameters:- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔atoms 4%, cold dark
matter 22%, dark energy 74%, Hubble constant 73, reionization redshift 11, spectral index 0.95
What do the spiral arms in spiral galaxies contain?- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔the hottest, newest stars
In the earlier universe- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔spiral galaxies were not nearly as common as they are today
How have astronomers interpreted the unexpectedly fast rotation of galaxies? (2x)- CORRECT ANSWER
✔✔There must be a lot of dark matter whose gravity can be felt but not seen.
How many up quarks are there in Helium-3?- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔5
Multiple Choice, Practice Questions, Answer Explanations || Covers Stars,
Galaxies, and Cosmology | High-Yield Success LATEST!!
A 50 solar mass star is at a larger distance than a 4 solar mass star. Which star appears brighter?- CORRECT
ANSWER ✔✔We cannot tell with the information given.
The heaviest nuclei of all are formed ...- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔during a supernova explosion
Which of the following will have the shortest lifetime on the main sequence?- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔main
sequence star with surface temperature 20000K
A 2 solar mass main sequence star is at the same distance as a 0.2 solar mass main sequence star. Which star
appears brighter?- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔the 2 solar mass main sequence star appears brighter
The temperature of the photosphere of the Sun is closest to- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔6000 Kelvin
What is the exoplanet's orbital period, and the percent brightness drop in light, for the case in the image above
from the Kepler Exoplanet Transit Hunt activity?
(PICTURE REQUIRED) (MARIE, Q6) (2x)- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔5 days and 0.30%
In what box does the galaxy in the bottom center belong in this Hubble tuning fork diagram? (PICTURE
REQUIRED) (ALEX, Q7)- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔Irr
Both of the bulbs in the picture above are 25 Watt bulbs. How may times fainter does the upper bulb appear
than the lower bulb when viewed from the two detectors show in the image? (PICTURE REQUIRED) (ALEX,
Q8)- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔4 times fainter
In the figure above, how would you calculate the fraction of the mass of the gas in the universe that is in the
form of Helium? (PICTURE REQUIRED) (ALEX, Q9)- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔take 4 × 4 for the mass of
Helium, and divide by 4 × 4 + 48 × 1 for the total mass
,Which of the stars in the diagram above is the hottest? (PICTURE REQUIRED) (MARIE, Q17) (2x)-
CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔D
If the entire mass of Earth were concentrated in a region the size of a marble, the resulting object would be:-
CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔a black hole
In the convection zone of the Sun: (2x)- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔columns of hot gas rise, cool, and descend.
What is the general result of the proton-proton chain?- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔4 H -> He + energy + other
products
What is the first step in the p-p chain? (2x)- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔a proton combines with a proton to make
Hydrogen-2 (Deuterium)
In the transit method of finding extrasolar planets, the distance of the planet from its star is found from: (2x)-
CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔Kepler's 3rd law using the period of the planet's orbit (how often a transit occurs).
Which of the following is TRUE?- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔the Kepler mission has discovered many
extrasolar planets
Which star on this H-R diagram is the main sequence star with the largest mass? (PICTURE REQUIRED)
(ALEX, Q17)- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔D
Which of the stars on this H-R diagram would appear brightest if all are at the same distance? (PICTURE
REQUIRED) (ALEX, Q18)- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔C
The sequence of events for the Sun-like star is (2x)- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔stellar nursery, protostar, Sun-
like star on main sequence, red giant, planetary nebula, white dwarf
Life found on Earth that could exist in the total darkness and immense pressures in the liquid oceans of Europa
is (2x)- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔hydrothermal vent communities
,Star "B" is four times further away from the Sun than Star "A." The parallax angle of Star "B" is ... (2x)-
CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔four times smaller than that of Star "A"
A star that is 70 percent the mass of our Sun would have a habitable zone that:- CORRECT ANSWER
✔✔includes Venus but not the Earth
How many neutrons are there in helium-3? (2x)- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔1
How can we measure the mass of a black hole?- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔measure the speed of the orbit of a
star in a binary system with the black hole
Which star on this H-R diagram is a B5 star that is 80 solar radii? (PICTURE REQUIRED) (Marie, Q24) (2x)-
CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔A
How many times bigger are galaxy clusters than individual galaxies?- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔hundreds of
times bigger
A hoop shaped eruption out of the Sun is called- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔a prominence
What is in this image? (PICTURE REQUIRED) (ALEX, Q28)- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔Cat's Eye planetary
nebula
Which contains more stars?- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔a spiral galaxy
What type of galaxy is this? (PICTURE REQUIRED) (ALEX, Q30)- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔E1
How tiny a spot is the Hubble Deep Field? (2x)- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔The size of President Roosevelt's
eye on a dime held at arm's length.
Among these choices, what is the last thing that happens in the history of the Universe?- CORRECT ANSWER
✔✔electrons join with nuclei to make atoms
, If a galaxy is moving away from us, the wavelength of the light it emits will be- CORRECT ANSWER
✔✔increased.
What are the standard candles that were used to determine the Universe is accelerating?- CORRECT ANSWER
✔✔Type Ia supernovae
Which of the following main-sequence turnoffs indicates the oldest globular cluster? (2x)- CORRECT
ANSWER ✔✔(youngest)G2, K5, something M (oldest)
Only will select one of the 3 in a problem
Roughly how many stars are in the Milky Way Galaxy?- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔400 billion
Where do stars form in the galaxy today?- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔in the disk
What is in this image? (PICTURE REQUIRED) (ALEX, Q38)- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔V838 Mon nova
If there was less dark matter in galaxies- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔gas in the outer disk would rotate more
slowly
The best model of the Universe has the following parameters:- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔atoms 4%, cold dark
matter 22%, dark energy 74%, Hubble constant 73, reionization redshift 11, spectral index 0.95
What do the spiral arms in spiral galaxies contain?- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔the hottest, newest stars
In the earlier universe- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔spiral galaxies were not nearly as common as they are today
How have astronomers interpreted the unexpectedly fast rotation of galaxies? (2x)- CORRECT ANSWER
✔✔There must be a lot of dark matter whose gravity can be felt but not seen.
How many up quarks are there in Helium-3?- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔5
