(CAD) CARDIORESPIRATORY
PATHO II 2025 UPDATED (400
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A)
CAD - Atherosclerosis impedes coronary blood flow by which of the following mechanisms:
A. Plaques obstruct the vein
B. Plaques obstruct the artery
C. Blood clots form outside the vessel wall
D. Hardened vessels dilate to allow the blood to flow through - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>B.
Plaques obstruct the artery
CAD - Which of the following is most accurate regarding risk factors associated withcoronary
artery atherosclerosis and related conditions?
A. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease that are more common or typicallymore significant in
men than in women include psychosocial factors andautoimmune diseases (eg, lupus, rheumatoid
arthritis)
B. Decreased fibrinogen levels are considered a significant risk factor forcoronary artery
atherosclerosis
C. Coronary heart disease risk assessment in asymptomatic patients should bemeasured using
MRI for detection of vascular plaque or coronary CTangiography
D. Risk for CAD is increased in individuals with heart disease in the fatheror a brother before
age 55 years and in the mother or a sister before age65 years - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>D.
Risk for CAD is increased in individuals with heart disease in the fatheror a brother before age
55 years and in the mother or a sister before age65 years
CAD - Arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis are the same thing.
A. True
B. False - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>B. False
Arteriosclerosis occurs when the blood vessels that carry oxygen and nutrients from the heart to
the rest of the body (arteries) become thick and stiff
Atherosclerosis is the buildup of fats, cholesterol and other substances in and on the artery walls.
This buildup is called plaque.
CAD - Which patient(s) are most at risk for developing coronary artery disease? Select-all-that-
apply:
1
,A. A 25 year old patient who exercises 3 times per week for 30 minutes aday and has a history of
cervical cancer.
B. A 35 year old male with a BMI of 30 and reports smoking 2 packsof cigarettes a day.
C. A 45 year old female that reports her father died at the age of 42from a myocardial infraction.
D. A 29 year old that has type I diabetes. - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>B. A 35 year old male
with a BMI of 30 and reports smoking 2 packsof cigarettes a day.
C. A 45 year old female that reports her father died at the age of 42from a myocardial infraction.
D. A 29 year old that has type I diabetes.
CAD - Which is a symptom of coronary artery disease?
A. Headache
B. Sleep problems
C. Pain or discomfort in the chest, arms or lower jaw
D. Diarrhea - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>C. Pain or discomfort in the chest, arms or lower jaw
CAD - 6. Which of the following conditions most commonly results in CAD?
A. Atherosclerosis
B. DM
C. MI
D. Renal failure - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>A. Atherosclerosis
CAD - 7. Which of the following risk factors for coronary artery disease cannot be corrected?
A. Cigarette smoking
B. DM
C. Heredity
D. HTN - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>C. Heredity
CAD - 9. When do coronary arteries primarily receive blood flow?
A. During inspiration
B. During diastolic
C. During expiration
D. During systole - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>B. During diastolic
CAD - 10. Which of the following types of pain is most characteristic of angina?
A. Knifelike
B. Sharp
C. Shooting
D. Tightness - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>D. Tightness
PE - Differential diagnosis of PE is challenging. PE should be considered in the
differentialdiagnosis of patients suspected of having cardiac ischemia, heart failure,
2
,COPDexacerbation, pneumothorax, pneumonia, sepsis, acute chest syndrome (in patients
withsickle cell disease), and acute anxiety with hyperventilation. Which of the following isthe
preferred imaging technique for diagnosing acute PE?
A. V/Q scans
B. Duplex ultrasonography
C. CT angiography
D. Echocardiography - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>C. CT angiography
PE - An imbalance between the supply of blood and the supply of air to the lungs is
called____________________.
A. Serum-oxygen imbalance
B. Hematoperfusion imbalance
C. Ventilation-perfusion mismatch
D. relative shunt - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>C. Ventilation-perfusion mismatch
PE - Which of the following is NOT a reason or risk factor for DVT/PE?
I. Injury to the deep vein of the leg, such as through surgery
II. Immobility
III. Young age (under 25)
A. I and III only
B. I and II only
C. I only
D. III only - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>D. III only
PE - Which of the following is accurate about the etiology of pulmonary emboli?
A. Most pulmonary emboli originate in the pelvic, renal, or upper extremity veins
B. Small thrombi typically travel less distally and are less likely to produce pleuriticchest pain
C. Most pulmonary emboli are single
D. The lower lobes of the lung are more commonly involved with emboli than the upper lobes -
CORRECT ANSWER>>>>D. The lower lobes of the lung are more commonly involved with
emboli than theupper lobes
PE - Of the following, which is considered the more significant risk factor for pulmonary
embolism?
A. Hypercystinuria
B. Mild bradycardia
C. Hemolytic anemia
D. Hypolipidemia - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>C. Hemolytic anemia
3
, PE - Which of the following statements is accurate about physical examination findings
inpatients with pulmonary emboli?
A. Temperature in excess of 103° F is common in patients with pulmonary emboli
B. Tachypnea is among the most common physical signs of pulmonary emboli
C. Chest wall tenderness as the sole physical finding indicates a cause other thanpulmonary
embolism
D. Patients with massive pulmonary embolism display signs of systemichypertension -
CORRECT ANSWER>>>>B. Tachypnea is among the most common physical signs of
pulmonary emboli
PE - An RRT is caring for five clients. For which clients would the RRT assess as high risk
fordeveloping a pulmonary embolism (PE)? (Select all that apply.)
a. Client who had a reaction to contrast dye yesterday
b. Client with a new spinal cord injury on a rotating bed
c. Middle-aged man with an exacerbation of asthma
d. Older client who is 1-day post hip replacement surgery
e. Young obese client with a fractured femur - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>b. Client with a new
spinal cord injury on a rotating bed
d. Older client who is 1-day post hip replacement surgery
e. Young obese client with a fractured femur
PE - An RRT caring for a client with deep vein thrombosis must be especially alert
forcomplications such as pulmonary embolism. Which findings suggest pulmonary
embolism?Select all that apply
a. Vomiting
b. Cyanosis
c. Rapid heart rate
d. Dyspnea
e. Paradoxical chest movement
f. Crackles in the lung field - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>b. Cyanosis
c. Rapid heart rate
d. Dyspnea
LEFT SIDED HEART FAILURE
What happens to Systolic and Diastolic? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Systolic: Ventricle too
weak, takes in less blood into thecirculation. Heart pumping equal to or less than 40%ejection
fraction.
Diastolic: Ventricle is stiff, does not allow proper filling ofblood. Heart pumping equal greater
than 50% ejection fraction.
RIGHT SIDED HEART FAILURE
4
PATHO II 2025 UPDATED (400
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A)
CAD - Atherosclerosis impedes coronary blood flow by which of the following mechanisms:
A. Plaques obstruct the vein
B. Plaques obstruct the artery
C. Blood clots form outside the vessel wall
D. Hardened vessels dilate to allow the blood to flow through - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>B.
Plaques obstruct the artery
CAD - Which of the following is most accurate regarding risk factors associated withcoronary
artery atherosclerosis and related conditions?
A. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease that are more common or typicallymore significant in
men than in women include psychosocial factors andautoimmune diseases (eg, lupus, rheumatoid
arthritis)
B. Decreased fibrinogen levels are considered a significant risk factor forcoronary artery
atherosclerosis
C. Coronary heart disease risk assessment in asymptomatic patients should bemeasured using
MRI for detection of vascular plaque or coronary CTangiography
D. Risk for CAD is increased in individuals with heart disease in the fatheror a brother before
age 55 years and in the mother or a sister before age65 years - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>D.
Risk for CAD is increased in individuals with heart disease in the fatheror a brother before age
55 years and in the mother or a sister before age65 years
CAD - Arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis are the same thing.
A. True
B. False - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>B. False
Arteriosclerosis occurs when the blood vessels that carry oxygen and nutrients from the heart to
the rest of the body (arteries) become thick and stiff
Atherosclerosis is the buildup of fats, cholesterol and other substances in and on the artery walls.
This buildup is called plaque.
CAD - Which patient(s) are most at risk for developing coronary artery disease? Select-all-that-
apply:
1
,A. A 25 year old patient who exercises 3 times per week for 30 minutes aday and has a history of
cervical cancer.
B. A 35 year old male with a BMI of 30 and reports smoking 2 packsof cigarettes a day.
C. A 45 year old female that reports her father died at the age of 42from a myocardial infraction.
D. A 29 year old that has type I diabetes. - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>B. A 35 year old male
with a BMI of 30 and reports smoking 2 packsof cigarettes a day.
C. A 45 year old female that reports her father died at the age of 42from a myocardial infraction.
D. A 29 year old that has type I diabetes.
CAD - Which is a symptom of coronary artery disease?
A. Headache
B. Sleep problems
C. Pain or discomfort in the chest, arms or lower jaw
D. Diarrhea - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>C. Pain or discomfort in the chest, arms or lower jaw
CAD - 6. Which of the following conditions most commonly results in CAD?
A. Atherosclerosis
B. DM
C. MI
D. Renal failure - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>A. Atherosclerosis
CAD - 7. Which of the following risk factors for coronary artery disease cannot be corrected?
A. Cigarette smoking
B. DM
C. Heredity
D. HTN - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>C. Heredity
CAD - 9. When do coronary arteries primarily receive blood flow?
A. During inspiration
B. During diastolic
C. During expiration
D. During systole - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>B. During diastolic
CAD - 10. Which of the following types of pain is most characteristic of angina?
A. Knifelike
B. Sharp
C. Shooting
D. Tightness - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>D. Tightness
PE - Differential diagnosis of PE is challenging. PE should be considered in the
differentialdiagnosis of patients suspected of having cardiac ischemia, heart failure,
2
,COPDexacerbation, pneumothorax, pneumonia, sepsis, acute chest syndrome (in patients
withsickle cell disease), and acute anxiety with hyperventilation. Which of the following isthe
preferred imaging technique for diagnosing acute PE?
A. V/Q scans
B. Duplex ultrasonography
C. CT angiography
D. Echocardiography - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>C. CT angiography
PE - An imbalance between the supply of blood and the supply of air to the lungs is
called____________________.
A. Serum-oxygen imbalance
B. Hematoperfusion imbalance
C. Ventilation-perfusion mismatch
D. relative shunt - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>C. Ventilation-perfusion mismatch
PE - Which of the following is NOT a reason or risk factor for DVT/PE?
I. Injury to the deep vein of the leg, such as through surgery
II. Immobility
III. Young age (under 25)
A. I and III only
B. I and II only
C. I only
D. III only - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>D. III only
PE - Which of the following is accurate about the etiology of pulmonary emboli?
A. Most pulmonary emboli originate in the pelvic, renal, or upper extremity veins
B. Small thrombi typically travel less distally and are less likely to produce pleuriticchest pain
C. Most pulmonary emboli are single
D. The lower lobes of the lung are more commonly involved with emboli than the upper lobes -
CORRECT ANSWER>>>>D. The lower lobes of the lung are more commonly involved with
emboli than theupper lobes
PE - Of the following, which is considered the more significant risk factor for pulmonary
embolism?
A. Hypercystinuria
B. Mild bradycardia
C. Hemolytic anemia
D. Hypolipidemia - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>C. Hemolytic anemia
3
, PE - Which of the following statements is accurate about physical examination findings
inpatients with pulmonary emboli?
A. Temperature in excess of 103° F is common in patients with pulmonary emboli
B. Tachypnea is among the most common physical signs of pulmonary emboli
C. Chest wall tenderness as the sole physical finding indicates a cause other thanpulmonary
embolism
D. Patients with massive pulmonary embolism display signs of systemichypertension -
CORRECT ANSWER>>>>B. Tachypnea is among the most common physical signs of
pulmonary emboli
PE - An RRT is caring for five clients. For which clients would the RRT assess as high risk
fordeveloping a pulmonary embolism (PE)? (Select all that apply.)
a. Client who had a reaction to contrast dye yesterday
b. Client with a new spinal cord injury on a rotating bed
c. Middle-aged man with an exacerbation of asthma
d. Older client who is 1-day post hip replacement surgery
e. Young obese client with a fractured femur - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>b. Client with a new
spinal cord injury on a rotating bed
d. Older client who is 1-day post hip replacement surgery
e. Young obese client with a fractured femur
PE - An RRT caring for a client with deep vein thrombosis must be especially alert
forcomplications such as pulmonary embolism. Which findings suggest pulmonary
embolism?Select all that apply
a. Vomiting
b. Cyanosis
c. Rapid heart rate
d. Dyspnea
e. Paradoxical chest movement
f. Crackles in the lung field - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>b. Cyanosis
c. Rapid heart rate
d. Dyspnea
LEFT SIDED HEART FAILURE
What happens to Systolic and Diastolic? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Systolic: Ventricle too
weak, takes in less blood into thecirculation. Heart pumping equal to or less than 40%ejection
fraction.
Diastolic: Ventricle is stiff, does not allow proper filling ofblood. Heart pumping equal greater
than 50% ejection fraction.
RIGHT SIDED HEART FAILURE
4
