,USMLE Step 1 Biochemistry - Nutrition |
Vitamin Functions, Pathways & Clinical
Correlates | High-Yield Study Notes 2025.
Fat soluble vitamins?
A
D
E
K
Water soluble vitamins?
B1 (Thiamine, TPP)
B2 (Riboflavin, FAD)
B3 (Niacin, NAD)
B5 (Pantothenic acid, CoA)
B6 (Pyridoxine, PLP)
B12 (Cobalamin)
C (ascorbate)
Biotin (B7)
Folate (B9)
What water soluble vitamins do not wash out easily from the body?
B12
Folate
Stored in liver
B-complex deficiencies: result in what?
Dermatitis
Glossitis
Diarrhea
B1: aka
Thiamine, Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)
B2: aka
Riboflavin
FAD, FMN
B3: aka
, Niacin
NAD⁺
B5: aka
Pantothenic acid
CoA
B6: aka
Pyridoxine
PLP
B7: aka
Biotin
B9: aka
folate
B12: aka
Cobalamin,
Cofactor for homocysteine methyltransferase and Methylmaloneyl-CoA mutase
Vitamin A: used to treat what diseases?
-AML type M3 t(15;17) = Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia - all-trans retinoic acid.
-Measles
Severe cystic acne - oral isotretinoin.
Vitamin A: function?
1) Antioxidant
2) Visual pigments (retinal)
3) Essential for differentiation of epithelial cells into specialized tissue
4) Prevents squamous metaplasia
5) Used to treat measles and AML M3
Vitamin A: aka
Retinol (carotene)
Vitamin A: deficiency? Cause?
Night blindness (nyctalopia),
Dry skin (xerosis cutis),
Alopecia,
Corneal degeneration (keratomalaxia),
Immune suppression,
Vitamin Functions, Pathways & Clinical
Correlates | High-Yield Study Notes 2025.
Fat soluble vitamins?
A
D
E
K
Water soluble vitamins?
B1 (Thiamine, TPP)
B2 (Riboflavin, FAD)
B3 (Niacin, NAD)
B5 (Pantothenic acid, CoA)
B6 (Pyridoxine, PLP)
B12 (Cobalamin)
C (ascorbate)
Biotin (B7)
Folate (B9)
What water soluble vitamins do not wash out easily from the body?
B12
Folate
Stored in liver
B-complex deficiencies: result in what?
Dermatitis
Glossitis
Diarrhea
B1: aka
Thiamine, Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)
B2: aka
Riboflavin
FAD, FMN
B3: aka
, Niacin
NAD⁺
B5: aka
Pantothenic acid
CoA
B6: aka
Pyridoxine
PLP
B7: aka
Biotin
B9: aka
folate
B12: aka
Cobalamin,
Cofactor for homocysteine methyltransferase and Methylmaloneyl-CoA mutase
Vitamin A: used to treat what diseases?
-AML type M3 t(15;17) = Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia - all-trans retinoic acid.
-Measles
Severe cystic acne - oral isotretinoin.
Vitamin A: function?
1) Antioxidant
2) Visual pigments (retinal)
3) Essential for differentiation of epithelial cells into specialized tissue
4) Prevents squamous metaplasia
5) Used to treat measles and AML M3
Vitamin A: aka
Retinol (carotene)
Vitamin A: deficiency? Cause?
Night blindness (nyctalopia),
Dry skin (xerosis cutis),
Alopecia,
Corneal degeneration (keratomalaxia),
Immune suppression,
