NUR 325 TEST 1 QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS VERIFIED BY
EXPERTS 2025
Inflammatory response biological response to cell injury (3) - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>-
Neutralizes & dilutes the inflammatory agent
- Removes dead material
- Creates an environment to facilitate healing & repair
What does the arrival of platelets trigger? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Release of inflammatory
mediators AND growth factors
Inflammatory mediators dilute blood vessels and is involved in the cellular response
Hyperemia - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Increased blood flow in the region of cell injury
Increased capillary permeability (due to and results in...) - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Due to:
increased fluid leading to increased pressure = spacing b/w endothelial cells
Fluid escapes into the interstitial space
Leads to swelling, warmth, discolouration
Formation of inflammatory exudate (initially serous fluid and WBCs and then proteins later in
the process)
What is the first leukocyte to arrive during the inflammatory process? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>Neutrophils
Neutrophils - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Small leukocytes
Appear w/in 6-12 hours at the site of inflammation
Phagocytes
Monocytes - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Larger, appear 3-7 days after onset of inflammation
Transform into macrophages
Phagocytes
Release cytokines (aka inflammatory mediators)
Complement system - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Proteins become activated during the
inflammatory response
Major activities include:
- Enhance phagocytosis through opsonization and chemotaxis
- Increased vascular permeability
- Chemotaxis
- Cellular lysis
, Opsonization - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Marks foreign particles for phagocytosis (tags cells
that need to go)
Chemotaxis - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Movements of leukocytes to the site of inflammation
in response to a chemical stimulus (chemical gradient via cytokines)
Prostaglandins - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Metabolized from arachidonic acid through
stimulus from chemotaxis, phagocytosis and cell injury
Pro inflammatory role/vasodilation
Leukotrines - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Metabolized from arachidonic acid through stimulus
from chemotaxis, phagocytosis and cell injury
Role in allergic rxns/chemotaxis
Local signs of inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Redness
Heat
Swelling
Pain
Systemic signs of inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Increased leukocytes
Malaise
Nausea
Anorexia
Increased HR and RR
Fever (cytokines impact the temp reg center of the hypothalamus, fever increased metabolism,
which can increase HR and RR)
What are the three types of inflammation? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Acute
Subacute
Chronic
Acute Inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Healing occurs in 2-3 weeks
Generally, no residual damage
Subacute inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Similar to acute but lasts longer
Chronic inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Lasts for weeks, months or years
Persistent cause of inflammation
Two types of healing - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Regeneration - replacement of lost
cells/tissue w/ cells of the same type (labile or stable cells)
Repair - replacement of lost cells, tissues w/ connective tissue; most injuries heal by repair
(permanent cells)
WITH ANSWERS VERIFIED BY
EXPERTS 2025
Inflammatory response biological response to cell injury (3) - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>-
Neutralizes & dilutes the inflammatory agent
- Removes dead material
- Creates an environment to facilitate healing & repair
What does the arrival of platelets trigger? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Release of inflammatory
mediators AND growth factors
Inflammatory mediators dilute blood vessels and is involved in the cellular response
Hyperemia - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Increased blood flow in the region of cell injury
Increased capillary permeability (due to and results in...) - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Due to:
increased fluid leading to increased pressure = spacing b/w endothelial cells
Fluid escapes into the interstitial space
Leads to swelling, warmth, discolouration
Formation of inflammatory exudate (initially serous fluid and WBCs and then proteins later in
the process)
What is the first leukocyte to arrive during the inflammatory process? - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>Neutrophils
Neutrophils - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Small leukocytes
Appear w/in 6-12 hours at the site of inflammation
Phagocytes
Monocytes - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Larger, appear 3-7 days after onset of inflammation
Transform into macrophages
Phagocytes
Release cytokines (aka inflammatory mediators)
Complement system - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Proteins become activated during the
inflammatory response
Major activities include:
- Enhance phagocytosis through opsonization and chemotaxis
- Increased vascular permeability
- Chemotaxis
- Cellular lysis
, Opsonization - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Marks foreign particles for phagocytosis (tags cells
that need to go)
Chemotaxis - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Movements of leukocytes to the site of inflammation
in response to a chemical stimulus (chemical gradient via cytokines)
Prostaglandins - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Metabolized from arachidonic acid through
stimulus from chemotaxis, phagocytosis and cell injury
Pro inflammatory role/vasodilation
Leukotrines - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Metabolized from arachidonic acid through stimulus
from chemotaxis, phagocytosis and cell injury
Role in allergic rxns/chemotaxis
Local signs of inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Redness
Heat
Swelling
Pain
Systemic signs of inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Increased leukocytes
Malaise
Nausea
Anorexia
Increased HR and RR
Fever (cytokines impact the temp reg center of the hypothalamus, fever increased metabolism,
which can increase HR and RR)
What are the three types of inflammation? - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Acute
Subacute
Chronic
Acute Inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Healing occurs in 2-3 weeks
Generally, no residual damage
Subacute inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Similar to acute but lasts longer
Chronic inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Lasts for weeks, months or years
Persistent cause of inflammation
Two types of healing - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Regeneration - replacement of lost
cells/tissue w/ cells of the same type (labile or stable cells)
Repair - replacement of lost cells, tissues w/ connective tissue; most injuries heal by repair
(permanent cells)
