Skin endocrinological disorders (thyroid diseases, Cushing syndrome, diabetes).
Endocrine disorders – läsa lecture för bättre info
- Thyroid gland
▪ Hyperthyroidism
▪ Clinical manifestations: Warm moist skin, telogen effluvium (when you shed more
hair than usual) with ⬆ dystrophic hairs, onycholysis, ⬆ alopecia areata & vitiligo
▪ Graves disease (immunogenic hyperthyroidism with proliferation of
fibroblasts, T cells & mucin):
◦ Pretibial myxedema – red-yellow plaques over shins, often with orange peel
texture. Due to build up of glucose glycosaminoglycans in dermis.
◦ Acropathy (swollen fingers) – painful finger swollowing “Drummer’s fingers”
◦ Exophthalmos
▪ Hypothyroidism
▪ Generalized myxoedema – puffy, doughy skin, usually cool & dry, scalp
hair loss. “Dirty elbows & knees”. “Brittle nails”
▪ More prominent infraorbital edema & on hands
▪ Yellow skin (due to reduced carotene conversion to vit A in liver)
- Parathyroid gland
▪ Hyperparathyroidism – most commonly secondary to renal disease.
▪ Clinical manifestations: Pruritus, calcinosis, sometimes calciphylaxis (intravascular
calcification causing lightening strike-like livid erythema with subsequent necrosis).
◦ Treatment: parathyroid glands excision
▪ Hypoparathyroidism – T cells defects most commonly after thyroid surgery with
accidental removal of parathyroids. Also in mucocutaneous candidiasis & Di George
syndrome.
▪ Clinical manifestations: tetany, dry skin & hair.
- Adrenal glands & Gonads – clinical features:
▪ Cushing syndrome – endogenous or exogenous excess
amount of CS
▪ Clinical manifestations:
◦ Skin: steroid acne, hirsutism & hypertrichosis (excess
hair growth), hyperpigmentation, striae,
telangiectases & purpura (weakened vessels)
◦ Other: weight gain (central obesity, moon facies),
moodiness/irritability/depression, muscle & bone
weakness, memory/attention dysfunction, osteoporosis,
DM, hypertension, immune suppression, sleep
disturbances, menstrual disorders (amenorrhea,
decreased fertility)
▪ OBS Cushing disease is the result of hyperadrenocorticism
caused by excessive pituitary secretion of ACTH, usually
because of a pituitary adenoma
Endocrine disorders – läsa lecture för bättre info
- Thyroid gland
▪ Hyperthyroidism
▪ Clinical manifestations: Warm moist skin, telogen effluvium (when you shed more
hair than usual) with ⬆ dystrophic hairs, onycholysis, ⬆ alopecia areata & vitiligo
▪ Graves disease (immunogenic hyperthyroidism with proliferation of
fibroblasts, T cells & mucin):
◦ Pretibial myxedema – red-yellow plaques over shins, often with orange peel
texture. Due to build up of glucose glycosaminoglycans in dermis.
◦ Acropathy (swollen fingers) – painful finger swollowing “Drummer’s fingers”
◦ Exophthalmos
▪ Hypothyroidism
▪ Generalized myxoedema – puffy, doughy skin, usually cool & dry, scalp
hair loss. “Dirty elbows & knees”. “Brittle nails”
▪ More prominent infraorbital edema & on hands
▪ Yellow skin (due to reduced carotene conversion to vit A in liver)
- Parathyroid gland
▪ Hyperparathyroidism – most commonly secondary to renal disease.
▪ Clinical manifestations: Pruritus, calcinosis, sometimes calciphylaxis (intravascular
calcification causing lightening strike-like livid erythema with subsequent necrosis).
◦ Treatment: parathyroid glands excision
▪ Hypoparathyroidism – T cells defects most commonly after thyroid surgery with
accidental removal of parathyroids. Also in mucocutaneous candidiasis & Di George
syndrome.
▪ Clinical manifestations: tetany, dry skin & hair.
- Adrenal glands & Gonads – clinical features:
▪ Cushing syndrome – endogenous or exogenous excess
amount of CS
▪ Clinical manifestations:
◦ Skin: steroid acne, hirsutism & hypertrichosis (excess
hair growth), hyperpigmentation, striae,
telangiectases & purpura (weakened vessels)
◦ Other: weight gain (central obesity, moon facies),
moodiness/irritability/depression, muscle & bone
weakness, memory/attention dysfunction, osteoporosis,
DM, hypertension, immune suppression, sleep
disturbances, menstrual disorders (amenorrhea,
decreased fertility)
▪ OBS Cushing disease is the result of hyperadrenocorticism
caused by excessive pituitary secretion of ACTH, usually
because of a pituitary adenoma
