Forensic evidence, collection and analysis

Forensic science is any science used for the purposes of the law. Gathering information from the past and examining it to construct a sequence of events that may be presented in a court of law. In this unit, you will develop an understanding of the importance of health and safety, and the need for objectivity and justification in your approach to the identification, collection and analysis of forensic evidence. You will take part in a simulated crime scene investigation and be expected to demonstrate appropriate forensic techniques to process the scene, collecting biological, chemical and physical evidence. You will be required to document and package all evidence to provide a chain of continuity. A forensic scientist is not routinely present at a crime scene; they generally receive evidence in a laboratory for analysis. Evidence will be sent to specialist laboratories depending on the area of analysis needed. Forensic scientists use biological analysis such as blood grouping of blood swabs, microscopy of hairs and fibres, and DNA testing of bodily fluids. The use of chemical analysis may involve documents to enhance latent fingerprints or presumptive tests to test for firearms residue, for example. Finally, physical analysis may comprise of analysing documents to determine handwriting patterns or comparing footwear impressions. In this unit, you will develop scientific, analytical thinking through the use of biological, chemical and physical concepts and evidence in order to prove or disprove theories, develop a chronology and provide scientific justification for analysis and conclusions drawn from investigations. This requires you to practically explore the principles of science that form the basis of some of the analytical techniques commonly used, as well as to carry out analysis using specialised equipment. This unit outlines the practical approach to forensic investigation, allowing you to develop appropriate knowledge and skills. You will explore a variety of evidentiary principles, from collecting the evidence, through the analysis and, finally, to the presentation of your results in a variety of formats for use in the criminal justice system (CJS). A forensic scientist must also be able to present the results of their examination of evidence using a variety of methods – written, verbal and visual – and you will be given the opportunity to make your own presentations in an appropriate manner. This unit also provides an opportunity to learn more about some topical issues, such as advancement in forensic technology and professional certification following training