HTML, CSS & Bootstrap
Overview of HTML
1. Full Form of HTML
HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language. It is not a programming language.
2. Meaning of HyperText and Markup
● HyperText: HyperText refers to text that contains links to other texts or resources. When clicked,
these links (called hyperlinks) direct users to different web pages or media.
● Markup: Markup refers to the use of special symbols or tags that define the structure and
presentation of a document. In HTML, these tags are used to "mark up" a webpage, specifying
how elements like text, images, and other media should be displayed.
3. Latest Version of HTML
The latest version of HTML is HTML5, which was officially released in 2014. It introduced several new
features:
● New elements like <article>, <section>, <header>, <footer>, and <nav> for better page
structure.
● Support for multimedia (audio and video) without needing plugins like Flash.
● Improved form controls, including date pickers and range sliders.
● Canvas element for drawing graphics.
● Enhanced semantics and accessibility.
4. Father of HTML
The father of HTML is Tim Berners-Lee
5. Use of HTML
HTML is used to:
● Create and structure web pages: HTML defines the layout and structure of content on a web
page using a set of elements (tags).
● Embed multimedia: HTML allows embedding images, videos, audio, and interactive elements
directly in web pages.
● Create hyperlinks: HTML makes it easy to link to other pages, websites, or sections within the
same document.
, ● Web development foundation: HTML forms the backbone of web development, along with CSS
(for styling) and JavaScript (for interactivity).
Content of HTML
1. HTML Structure
● DOCTYPE Declaration (<!DOCTYPE html>)
● HTML Document Structure: <html>, <head>, <body>, and <title> tags.
2. HTML Tags and Elements
● What is a tag?
● Opening and Closing tags: Example: <p> ... </p>
● Self-closing tags: Example: <img>, <br>, <hr>
3. Headings and Paragraphs
● Heading tags: <h1> to <h6>
● Paragraphs: <p>
4. Formatting Text
● Bold: <b> or <strong>
● Italic: <i> or <em>
● Underline: <u>
● Line Breaks: <br>
5. Links and Hyperlinks
● Anchor tag: <a href="url">Link text</a>
6. Images
● Image tag: <img src="image_url" alt="description" />
7. Lists (imp)
● Ordered List: <ol> (numbered list)
● Unordered List: <ul> (bulleted list)
● List Items: <li>
Overview of HTML
1. Full Form of HTML
HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language. It is not a programming language.
2. Meaning of HyperText and Markup
● HyperText: HyperText refers to text that contains links to other texts or resources. When clicked,
these links (called hyperlinks) direct users to different web pages or media.
● Markup: Markup refers to the use of special symbols or tags that define the structure and
presentation of a document. In HTML, these tags are used to "mark up" a webpage, specifying
how elements like text, images, and other media should be displayed.
3. Latest Version of HTML
The latest version of HTML is HTML5, which was officially released in 2014. It introduced several new
features:
● New elements like <article>, <section>, <header>, <footer>, and <nav> for better page
structure.
● Support for multimedia (audio and video) without needing plugins like Flash.
● Improved form controls, including date pickers and range sliders.
● Canvas element for drawing graphics.
● Enhanced semantics and accessibility.
4. Father of HTML
The father of HTML is Tim Berners-Lee
5. Use of HTML
HTML is used to:
● Create and structure web pages: HTML defines the layout and structure of content on a web
page using a set of elements (tags).
● Embed multimedia: HTML allows embedding images, videos, audio, and interactive elements
directly in web pages.
● Create hyperlinks: HTML makes it easy to link to other pages, websites, or sections within the
same document.
, ● Web development foundation: HTML forms the backbone of web development, along with CSS
(for styling) and JavaScript (for interactivity).
Content of HTML
1. HTML Structure
● DOCTYPE Declaration (<!DOCTYPE html>)
● HTML Document Structure: <html>, <head>, <body>, and <title> tags.
2. HTML Tags and Elements
● What is a tag?
● Opening and Closing tags: Example: <p> ... </p>
● Self-closing tags: Example: <img>, <br>, <hr>
3. Headings and Paragraphs
● Heading tags: <h1> to <h6>
● Paragraphs: <p>
4. Formatting Text
● Bold: <b> or <strong>
● Italic: <i> or <em>
● Underline: <u>
● Line Breaks: <br>
5. Links and Hyperlinks
● Anchor tag: <a href="url">Link text</a>
6. Images
● Image tag: <img src="image_url" alt="description" />
7. Lists (imp)
● Ordered List: <ol> (numbered list)
● Unordered List: <ul> (bulleted list)
● List Items: <li>
