QBM FINAL EXAM Study Guide
UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅DNA -> RNA
(transcription) -> protein (translation)
four levels of a protein structure - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1. Primary
2. Secondary
3. Tertiary
4. Quaternary
Primary structure - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅amino acid sequence
Secondary structure - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅form alpha and beta sheets
tertiary structure - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅three-dimensional with folded motifs
quaternary structure - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅multiple peptide chains
OSHA - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Occupational Safety and Health Administration
MSDS - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Material Safety Data Sheet
BSL-1 - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅no special precautions; basic teaching labs
BSL-2 - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Handling moderately hazardous agents
BSL-3 - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅pathogenic organisms that cause serious disease,
proper ventilation
BSL-4 - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅dangerous pathogens that cause severe to fatal disease,
no vaccine or treatment
what level is QGM Lab - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅BSL-2
pipet - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Accurate liquid transfer
graduated cylinder - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅25ml-2L
Glass/plastic pipettes - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1ml-25ml
Transfer/Pasteur Pipette - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅For quick measurements, non-
accurate
,Micropipette - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅0.1ul-1ml accuracy, the tip should be in 1 cm of
liquid and held vertically
Mohr Pipet - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅measures and delivers exact volumes of liquids
serological pipette - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Used to measure and deliver large volumes
of liquids.
Autoclave - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Piece of equipment used to sterilize articles by way
of steam under pressure and/or dry heat
Centrifugation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Separates components by based on mass,
shape, and density
analytical - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅perform sucrose.CsCL gradients, sedimentation,
determine characteristics such as sample purity, molecular weight
preparative - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Most common, separate materials; purify sample
for further study
Small bench top centrifuge - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1.5ml tube (Can balance based on
volume)
large capacity - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅large volumes (1L) separation of bacteria from
media
High speed centrifugation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Large volumes needing higher
speeds
ultracentifuges - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅sample that require a lot of force such as
purifying a virus for sample
80,000 rpm and 600,000g
sucrose gradient centrifugation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅separate bases on density
Fixed angle rotor - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Most common; Particles pellet to a side
when centrifuged
Swinging bucket rotor - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Does not create tight pellets; for sample
analysis or running cesium chloride or sucrose density gradient. Used to separate by density
Clear (Polycarbonate) Bottles - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Better visibility, less resistant to
chemicals, can weaken/crack
Opaque (Polypropylene) Bottles - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅More resistant to chemicals
and cracks
, spectroscopy - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The study of the properties of light that depend
on wavelength; used to analyze molecular structures
Spectrometry - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Measurement of the spectroscopy interactions
allowing to determine molecular structures/concentrations
spectrophotometer - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅measures intensity of a specific wavelength
as it passes through a sample
what are the 5 components of a spectrophotometer - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅light source
monochromator
prism
sample compartment
detector
plate reader - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅quickly read ul volumes of hundreds of samples
from a single plate
260nm - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅DNA absorbance
280nm - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅protein absorbance
340nm CDNB assay - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅protein concentration
560nm - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅BCA assay (protein concentration)
595nm - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Bradford Assay (protein concentration)
600nm - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Bacterial growth (E. coli.) in LB media
750 - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅lowry/DC assay (protein concentration)
protein quantification - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅280nm because of ringed amino acids
tryptophan and tyrosine
amino acid analysis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Most accurate way to determine protein
concentration
Colorimetric method - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅measure change in color
Bradford protein assay - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅coomassie brilliant blue dye, fastest,
595nm, high variability can be used without a standard curve
Lowry/DC - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Folin reagent, Cheap and Easy, Copper, 750nm
BCA method - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Instead of folin reagent use BCA reagent and
measure at 560 nm, fast, easy, stable, low protein to protein variability
UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅DNA -> RNA
(transcription) -> protein (translation)
four levels of a protein structure - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1. Primary
2. Secondary
3. Tertiary
4. Quaternary
Primary structure - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅amino acid sequence
Secondary structure - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅form alpha and beta sheets
tertiary structure - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅three-dimensional with folded motifs
quaternary structure - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅multiple peptide chains
OSHA - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Occupational Safety and Health Administration
MSDS - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Material Safety Data Sheet
BSL-1 - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅no special precautions; basic teaching labs
BSL-2 - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Handling moderately hazardous agents
BSL-3 - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅pathogenic organisms that cause serious disease,
proper ventilation
BSL-4 - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅dangerous pathogens that cause severe to fatal disease,
no vaccine or treatment
what level is QGM Lab - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅BSL-2
pipet - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Accurate liquid transfer
graduated cylinder - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅25ml-2L
Glass/plastic pipettes - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1ml-25ml
Transfer/Pasteur Pipette - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅For quick measurements, non-
accurate
,Micropipette - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅0.1ul-1ml accuracy, the tip should be in 1 cm of
liquid and held vertically
Mohr Pipet - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅measures and delivers exact volumes of liquids
serological pipette - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Used to measure and deliver large volumes
of liquids.
Autoclave - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Piece of equipment used to sterilize articles by way
of steam under pressure and/or dry heat
Centrifugation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Separates components by based on mass,
shape, and density
analytical - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅perform sucrose.CsCL gradients, sedimentation,
determine characteristics such as sample purity, molecular weight
preparative - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Most common, separate materials; purify sample
for further study
Small bench top centrifuge - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1.5ml tube (Can balance based on
volume)
large capacity - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅large volumes (1L) separation of bacteria from
media
High speed centrifugation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Large volumes needing higher
speeds
ultracentifuges - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅sample that require a lot of force such as
purifying a virus for sample
80,000 rpm and 600,000g
sucrose gradient centrifugation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅separate bases on density
Fixed angle rotor - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Most common; Particles pellet to a side
when centrifuged
Swinging bucket rotor - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Does not create tight pellets; for sample
analysis or running cesium chloride or sucrose density gradient. Used to separate by density
Clear (Polycarbonate) Bottles - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Better visibility, less resistant to
chemicals, can weaken/crack
Opaque (Polypropylene) Bottles - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅More resistant to chemicals
and cracks
, spectroscopy - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The study of the properties of light that depend
on wavelength; used to analyze molecular structures
Spectrometry - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Measurement of the spectroscopy interactions
allowing to determine molecular structures/concentrations
spectrophotometer - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅measures intensity of a specific wavelength
as it passes through a sample
what are the 5 components of a spectrophotometer - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅light source
monochromator
prism
sample compartment
detector
plate reader - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅quickly read ul volumes of hundreds of samples
from a single plate
260nm - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅DNA absorbance
280nm - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅protein absorbance
340nm CDNB assay - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅protein concentration
560nm - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅BCA assay (protein concentration)
595nm - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Bradford Assay (protein concentration)
600nm - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Bacterial growth (E. coli.) in LB media
750 - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅lowry/DC assay (protein concentration)
protein quantification - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅280nm because of ringed amino acids
tryptophan and tyrosine
amino acid analysis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Most accurate way to determine protein
concentration
Colorimetric method - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅measure change in color
Bradford protein assay - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅coomassie brilliant blue dye, fastest,
595nm, high variability can be used without a standard curve
Lowry/DC - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Folin reagent, Cheap and Easy, Copper, 750nm
BCA method - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Instead of folin reagent use BCA reagent and
measure at 560 nm, fast, easy, stable, low protein to protein variability
