Flight Paramedic Lab Studies Exam Questions And Answers

How long is an ABG panel reliable - ANS 30 minutes Normal PH - ANS 7.35-7.45 Normal bicarb - ANS 22-26 Normal PCO2 - ANS 35-45 mmHg Normal PAO2 - ANS 80-100 Normal SAO2 - ANS 94-100 Normal FiO2 - ANS 21% normal base excess - ANS -2 to +2 Normal MAP - ANS 70-110 mmHg How do we eliminate Bicarb - ANS By retaining it or excreting it through our Kidneys What PH indicates acidosis - ANS 7.35 What PH indicates alkalosis - ANS 7.45 What is the formula for Bicarb - ANS Formula 0.1 x (-BE) x kg = Bicarb needed. What are the critical ABG's - ANS PH of 7.2 PcO2 of 55 PaO2 of 60 What are some causes of metabolic alkalosis? - ANS Vomiting, too much suctioning, diuretics, steroids, antacid poisoning, Diamox. What are some causes of metabolic acidosis? - ANS *renal failure (decreased production of HCO3 as well as decreased excretion of H+ ions) *severe diarrhea (increased loss of HCO3) *lactic acidosis (increased production of acids) *asprin toxicity (AKA : ASA Toxicity) *starvation *anaerobic metabolism secondary to hypoxia (remember cell injury leads to lactic acid production and accumulation) Lab values for respiratory alkalosis - ANS PaCO2 35, pH 7.45 Lab values for respiratory acidosis - ANS PaCO2: 45 pH: 7.35 For every 10 mmHg change in PaCO2, what corresponding change is expected in serum pH? - ANS 0.08. Remember the your Potassium will also be effected Normal sodium levels Na+ - ANS 135-145 mEq/L normal potassium levels K+ - ANS 3.5-5.0 mEq/L Which is the extracellular ion - ANS Sodium Which is the intracellular ion - ANS Potassium Sodium is often coupled with what to help nerves and muscles interact? - ANS Chloride normal chloride levels CL - ANS 95-105 Normal calcium levels - ANS 8.5-10.9 mg/dL Normal BUN levels - ANS 10-20 mg/dL Normal creatinine levels - ANS 0.7-1.4 mg/d normal bicarbonate levels - ANS 22-26 mEq/L Anion gap equation - ANS Na - (Cl + HCO3) Normal anion gap - ANS 8-16 mEq/L If you have an anion gap of more than 16, you're said to be? - ANS acidotic How do you treat an anion gap acidosis? - ANS Minute Volume Normal red blood cell count - ANS 4-6 million cells/mm3 5. normal hemoglobin levels - ANS 12-18 15. normal hematocrit levels - ANS Male: 45%-52% Female: 37-48% 45. Normal platelet count - ANS 150,000-400,000/mm3 normal leukocyte count - ANS 5,000-10,000 Normal INR range - ANS 0.8-1.2 1. What pathway does Heparin effect. Intrinsic or extrinsic ? - ANS Intrinsic Whats the antagonist for Heparin - ANS Protamine Sulfate What pathway does Coumadin effect? Intrinsic or Extrinsic? - ANS Extrinsic What's a Coumadin overdose treated with ? - ANS Vitamin K Normal adult urine output - ANS 30-50cc per hour Normal pediatric urine output - ANS 1-2cc/kg/hr oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve - ANS Relationship between available oxygen and amount of oxygen carried by hemoglobin. Right is acidotic and left is alkalitic What does chloride help produce? - ANS Stomach acid What electrolytes are in the fishbone - ANS Na & K+, Cl & HCo3, BUN & Creat, - Glucose Normal serum osmolality - ANS 275-295 mOsm/kg If your serum osmolality is high, its ____________ - ANS dry. What organ is most typically effected with an albumin deficiency? - ANS The liver What causes hypocalcemia - ANS low albumin, alcoholism, liver disease, pancreatitis, renal failure, banked blood. Ionized Calcium (Ca2+) - ANS 4.5-5.3 mg/dL (Important in transfusions and sepsis.)