BIO 201 CHAPTER 3
1. anucleate cells: no nucleus (red blood cells), can not reproduce
2. Process of protein synthesis: amino acid chain produced by ribosomes entersRER
amino acid chain folds up making a proteinside chains added to protein
vesicles formed to house protein while in transport
3. organs w/ abundant smooth ER: Organs like the liver and adrenal glands have abundant
smooth ER because they are heavily involved in lipid metabolism,detoxification, and hormone
synthesis.
4. organ w/ abundant mitochondria: The heart (and all muscle cells) has abun-dant
mitochondria because it requires a constant and large supply of energy to sustain continuous
contractions.
5. peroxisomes in liver: There is an abundance of peroxisomes in the liver be- cause they
play a key role in detoxifying harmful substances, breaking down fatty acids, and metabolizing
hydrogen peroxide.
6. endomembrane system: A network of membranes inside and around a eu-karyotic cell,
related either through direct physical contact or by the transfer of membranous vesicles
nucleus rough ER smooth Ergolgi bodylysosomes
various vesicles
7. cellular respiration: production of ATP from glucose and oxygen
all other processes in cell use ATP as fuel
8. mitochondria and bacteria: Mitochondria are thought to have evolved from bacteria
through endosymbiosis, as they share similarities like a double membrane,circular DNA, and
the ability to replicate independently within cells
9. active transport: consume ATP
10. passive transport: require no ATP
11. concentration gradient: difference in the concentration of a substance fromone location to
another
Substances naturally move from areas of high concentration to low concentration,a process
called diffusion
12. filtration: particles are driven though a selectively permeable membrane byhydrostatic
, pressure
13. simple diffusion: net movement of particles from an area of high concentrationto low
concentration
14. facilitated diffusion: passive process (no ATP), carrier-mediated transport ofsolute
through membrane down its concentration gradient
15. osmosis: flow of water from one side of selectively permeable membrane toanother
16. carrier mediated transport: uniport- one solute at a time
symport- two solutes, same direction (cotransport) antiport- two solutes, opposite direction
(countertransport)
17. active transport: ATP consumed, carrier-mediated transport of a solute againstits
concentration gradient
18. factors that affect diffusion: temperaturemolecular weight
steepness of concentration gradientmembrane surface area
membrane permeability
19. substances that move w simple diffusion: nonpolar, hydrophobic, lipid solu-ble
substances
20. osmolarity: number of osmoles per liter of solution
21. tonicity: ability of a solution to affect fluid volume and pressure in a cell
22. hypertonic: more solute outside of cell than inside, cell shrivels (crenates)
23. hypotonic: more solutes inside of cell than outside, cell swells and bursts (lyses)
24. isotonic: concentration in cell and ICF are same
25. why IV saline: IV saline is given instead of pure water to maintain osmoticbalance and
prevent cells from swelling and bursting
26. saturation: as solute concentration rises, rate of transport rises but only to acertain point
(transport maximum)
27. Compartmentalization of Cells: refers to the way organelles in eukaryotic cellslive and
work in separate areas within the cell in order to perform their specific functions more
efficiently.
28. Cell Labeled:
29. selective permeability: A property of biological membranes that allows somesubstances
to cross more easily than others.
1. anucleate cells: no nucleus (red blood cells), can not reproduce
2. Process of protein synthesis: amino acid chain produced by ribosomes entersRER
amino acid chain folds up making a proteinside chains added to protein
vesicles formed to house protein while in transport
3. organs w/ abundant smooth ER: Organs like the liver and adrenal glands have abundant
smooth ER because they are heavily involved in lipid metabolism,detoxification, and hormone
synthesis.
4. organ w/ abundant mitochondria: The heart (and all muscle cells) has abun-dant
mitochondria because it requires a constant and large supply of energy to sustain continuous
contractions.
5. peroxisomes in liver: There is an abundance of peroxisomes in the liver be- cause they
play a key role in detoxifying harmful substances, breaking down fatty acids, and metabolizing
hydrogen peroxide.
6. endomembrane system: A network of membranes inside and around a eu-karyotic cell,
related either through direct physical contact or by the transfer of membranous vesicles
nucleus rough ER smooth Ergolgi bodylysosomes
various vesicles
7. cellular respiration: production of ATP from glucose and oxygen
all other processes in cell use ATP as fuel
8. mitochondria and bacteria: Mitochondria are thought to have evolved from bacteria
through endosymbiosis, as they share similarities like a double membrane,circular DNA, and
the ability to replicate independently within cells
9. active transport: consume ATP
10. passive transport: require no ATP
11. concentration gradient: difference in the concentration of a substance fromone location to
another
Substances naturally move from areas of high concentration to low concentration,a process
called diffusion
12. filtration: particles are driven though a selectively permeable membrane byhydrostatic
, pressure
13. simple diffusion: net movement of particles from an area of high concentrationto low
concentration
14. facilitated diffusion: passive process (no ATP), carrier-mediated transport ofsolute
through membrane down its concentration gradient
15. osmosis: flow of water from one side of selectively permeable membrane toanother
16. carrier mediated transport: uniport- one solute at a time
symport- two solutes, same direction (cotransport) antiport- two solutes, opposite direction
(countertransport)
17. active transport: ATP consumed, carrier-mediated transport of a solute againstits
concentration gradient
18. factors that affect diffusion: temperaturemolecular weight
steepness of concentration gradientmembrane surface area
membrane permeability
19. substances that move w simple diffusion: nonpolar, hydrophobic, lipid solu-ble
substances
20. osmolarity: number of osmoles per liter of solution
21. tonicity: ability of a solution to affect fluid volume and pressure in a cell
22. hypertonic: more solute outside of cell than inside, cell shrivels (crenates)
23. hypotonic: more solutes inside of cell than outside, cell swells and bursts (lyses)
24. isotonic: concentration in cell and ICF are same
25. why IV saline: IV saline is given instead of pure water to maintain osmoticbalance and
prevent cells from swelling and bursting
26. saturation: as solute concentration rises, rate of transport rises but only to acertain point
(transport maximum)
27. Compartmentalization of Cells: refers to the way organelles in eukaryotic cellslive and
work in separate areas within the cell in order to perform their specific functions more
efficiently.
28. Cell Labeled:
29. selective permeability: A property of biological membranes that allows somesubstances
to cross more easily than others.
