BIO 201 CHAPTER 4
1. Classifying molecules by their functional groups - alcohol: O-H; is polar andmakes
compounds more soluble in water
2. Classifying molecules by their functional groups - carboxylic acid: -COOH;acts as an acid
3. Classifying molecules by their functional groups - aldehyde: C=O; may bea structural
isomer of a ketone
4. Classifying molecules by their functional groups - thiol: -SH; forms disulfidebonds
5. Classifying molecules by their functional groups - amine: -NH2; acts as abase
6. Classifying molecules by their functional groups - organic phosphate: -
-OPO3(2-); contributes negative charge
7. An atom of iron has the atomic number 26.This means that: it has 26 protonsand 26
electrons.
8. How many hydrogen atoms can be attached to carbon A?: 3
9. Organic chemistry is currently defined as: the study of carbon compounds.
10. L-dopa is used to treat .: Parkinson's disease
11. What kind of effect does R-dopa have on Parkinson's disease?: none
12. Enantiomers are molecules that .: are mirror images
13. Cis-trans isomers (geometric isomers) are molecules that .:
differ inthe arrangement of their atoms about a double bond
14. Visualize the structural formula of each of the following hydrocarbons.Which
hydrocarbon has a double bond in its carbon skeleton?: C2H4
15. SiSi has 4 valence electrons, --- carbon. Therefore, silicon would be able to form ---
chains, including branches that could act as skeletons for --- molecules. It would clearly do
this much better than neon (with --- valence electrons) or aluminum (with --- valence
electrons), both of which cannot formbranched molecules.: the same number as; long; larger;
no; three
16. Which of the molecules in the figure above has an asymmetric carbon?: B
17. Which carbon is asymmetric?: b
18. Identify the asymmetric carbon in this molecule.: B
19. An atom has four electrons in its valence shell. What type(s) of covalentbonds is it
capable of forming with oxygen?: single and double bonds
20. Which of the following characteristics is responsible for the complexityand variety of
organic molecules?: the chemical versatility of carbon atoms
, 21. Which of the following characteristics of an atom determines the numberand kind of
bonds it can form?: the number of particles in its valence shell
22. Which of the following unique feature of carbon allows it to support life onEarth?: Carbon
can form a variety of bonds in nature.
23. What is the possible explanation for the presence of the harmful enan-tiomer?: The body
must have an enzyme that is able to convert the beneficial thalidomide enantiomer into the
harmful enantiomer.
24. Which of the following explains why the valency of carbon is 4 even thoughit has 6
electrons?: has 2 electrons in its first shell and 4 in the second shell
25. The maximum number of hydrogen atoms in an alkane with six carbons is
.: 14
26. A carbon atom is most likely to form what kind of bond(s) with otheratoms?: covalent
27. All of the following statements accurately describe isomers: Geometric and Optical
isomerism are two types of stereoisomerism; Isomers differ in both physical and chemical
properties; Isomers have same molecular formula
28. Which statement is true about the following molecule?: it is not an isomer
29. Research indicates that ibuprofen, a drug used to relieve inflammation andpain, is a mixture
of two enantiomers; what are enantiomers?: Molecules thatare mirror images of each other.
30. Compared to a hydrocarbon chain where all the carbon atoms are linked bysingle bonds,
which of the following statements best describe a hydrocarbonchain with the same number of
carbon atoms but with one or more double bonds?: It will be more constrained in structure.
31. What is the relationship between the following two molecules?: they aregeometrical
isomers
32. The two molecules shown in the figures are best described as .-
: structural isomers
33. Which of the following molecules is a weak acid?: R-COOH
34. Structural isomers have .: the same
molecular formula but differentcovalent arrangements of their carbon skeletons
35. Which of the following molecules is a weak base?: R-NH2
36. Although the
structures of the functional groups that are most important to life vary, they share one thing in
common: They .: all help give
eachbiological molecule its unique properties
37.
he chemical group that helps stabilize protein structure is the .-
1. Classifying molecules by their functional groups - alcohol: O-H; is polar andmakes
compounds more soluble in water
2. Classifying molecules by their functional groups - carboxylic acid: -COOH;acts as an acid
3. Classifying molecules by their functional groups - aldehyde: C=O; may bea structural
isomer of a ketone
4. Classifying molecules by their functional groups - thiol: -SH; forms disulfidebonds
5. Classifying molecules by their functional groups - amine: -NH2; acts as abase
6. Classifying molecules by their functional groups - organic phosphate: -
-OPO3(2-); contributes negative charge
7. An atom of iron has the atomic number 26.This means that: it has 26 protonsand 26
electrons.
8. How many hydrogen atoms can be attached to carbon A?: 3
9. Organic chemistry is currently defined as: the study of carbon compounds.
10. L-dopa is used to treat .: Parkinson's disease
11. What kind of effect does R-dopa have on Parkinson's disease?: none
12. Enantiomers are molecules that .: are mirror images
13. Cis-trans isomers (geometric isomers) are molecules that .:
differ inthe arrangement of their atoms about a double bond
14. Visualize the structural formula of each of the following hydrocarbons.Which
hydrocarbon has a double bond in its carbon skeleton?: C2H4
15. SiSi has 4 valence electrons, --- carbon. Therefore, silicon would be able to form ---
chains, including branches that could act as skeletons for --- molecules. It would clearly do
this much better than neon (with --- valence electrons) or aluminum (with --- valence
electrons), both of which cannot formbranched molecules.: the same number as; long; larger;
no; three
16. Which of the molecules in the figure above has an asymmetric carbon?: B
17. Which carbon is asymmetric?: b
18. Identify the asymmetric carbon in this molecule.: B
19. An atom has four electrons in its valence shell. What type(s) of covalentbonds is it
capable of forming with oxygen?: single and double bonds
20. Which of the following characteristics is responsible for the complexityand variety of
organic molecules?: the chemical versatility of carbon atoms
, 21. Which of the following characteristics of an atom determines the numberand kind of
bonds it can form?: the number of particles in its valence shell
22. Which of the following unique feature of carbon allows it to support life onEarth?: Carbon
can form a variety of bonds in nature.
23. What is the possible explanation for the presence of the harmful enan-tiomer?: The body
must have an enzyme that is able to convert the beneficial thalidomide enantiomer into the
harmful enantiomer.
24. Which of the following explains why the valency of carbon is 4 even thoughit has 6
electrons?: has 2 electrons in its first shell and 4 in the second shell
25. The maximum number of hydrogen atoms in an alkane with six carbons is
.: 14
26. A carbon atom is most likely to form what kind of bond(s) with otheratoms?: covalent
27. All of the following statements accurately describe isomers: Geometric and Optical
isomerism are two types of stereoisomerism; Isomers differ in both physical and chemical
properties; Isomers have same molecular formula
28. Which statement is true about the following molecule?: it is not an isomer
29. Research indicates that ibuprofen, a drug used to relieve inflammation andpain, is a mixture
of two enantiomers; what are enantiomers?: Molecules thatare mirror images of each other.
30. Compared to a hydrocarbon chain where all the carbon atoms are linked bysingle bonds,
which of the following statements best describe a hydrocarbonchain with the same number of
carbon atoms but with one or more double bonds?: It will be more constrained in structure.
31. What is the relationship between the following two molecules?: they aregeometrical
isomers
32. The two molecules shown in the figures are best described as .-
: structural isomers
33. Which of the following molecules is a weak acid?: R-COOH
34. Structural isomers have .: the same
molecular formula but differentcovalent arrangements of their carbon skeletons
35. Which of the following molecules is a weak base?: R-NH2
36. Although the
structures of the functional groups that are most important to life vary, they share one thing in
common: They .: all help give
eachbiological molecule its unique properties
37.
he chemical group that helps stabilize protein structure is the .-
