NR 511 Midterm Exam and Final Exam
(Newest Versions 2025) | Clinical
Reasoning, Advanced Health
Assessment, Differential Diagnosis,
Evidence-Based Practice, and Primary
Care Management | Just Released
Janet is a 30-year-old female who has recently been diagnosed with a herniated disc at the L5-S1
level. She is currently in the emergency department with concerns about possible cauda equina
syndrome. Which of the following is a sign or symptom indicative of cauda equina syndrome?
a. weakness in the gastrocnemius
b. diminished or absent ankle reflex
c. numbness in the lateral aspect of the foot
d. paresthesia in the perineum and buttocks
(ANSWER)
d. paresthesia in the perineum and buttocks
The patient presents with acute pancreatitis and meets 7 of the diagnostic criteria from Ranson's
Criteria. When planning care, the clinician understands that this score reflects which of the
following implications?
,a. a high mortality risk
b. an increased likelihood of recurrence
c. a 7% chance of chronic disease
d. all of the above
(ANSWER)
a. a high mortality risk
Reuben, a 24-year-old man living with HIV, has just undergone a routine viral load test. The
results indicate a decline in viral load. What does this suggest?
a. a positive trend in diagnosis
b. disease advancement
c. the necessity for more aggressive treatment
d. the complete eradication of HIV
(ANSWER)
a. a positive trend in diagnosis
What is the distinguishing symptom between labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis?
a. vestibular neuritis typically has an abrupt onset, while labyrinthitis has a more gradual onset
b. hearing loss may occur with vestibular neuritis, but not with labyrinthitis
c. labyrinthitis usually has an acute onset, whereas vestibular neuritis presents more gradually
d. hearing loss may be seen in labyrinthitis but not in vestibular neuritis.
(ANSWER)
d. hearing loss may be seen in labyrinthitis but not in vestibular neuritis.
,A 27-year-old woman presents with a primary complaint of burning and pain during urination.
She has no previous history of urinary tract infections. What additional symptoms would be
consistent with a diagnosis of a lower urinary tract infection?
a. lower back and abdominal pain
b. fever, chills, and tenderness at the costovertebral angle
c. presence of blood in urine and frequent urination
d. foul-smelling discharge and itching in the perineal area
(ANSWER)
c. presence of blood in urine and frequent urination
The differential diagnosis for vertigo can be categorized into which of the following groups:
a. peripheral vestibular disorders
b. central nervous system disorders
c. systemic conditions
d. all of the above
(ANSWER)
d. all of the above
Sam is a 25-year-old male who has been diagnosed with a low back strain based on his history of
localized pain and muscle spasms, along with a normal neurological assessment. As the clinician,
you inform Sam that low back pain is a diagnosis that requires ruling out other conditions.
Which of the following symptoms would indicate a more serious concern such as a herniated
nucleus pulposus or ruptured disc?
a. morning stiffness and restricted movement of the lumbar spine
b. unilateral radicular pain that radiates below the knee and is equal to or more intense than the
back pain
, c. fever, chills, and an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate
d. pathological fractures, intense night pain, unexplained weight loss, and fatigue
(ANSWER)
b. unilateral radicular pain that radiates below the knee and is equal to or more intense than the
back pain
Preceptors are required to see all patients that students encounter in the clinical setting.
a. true
b. false
(ANSWER)
a. true
An 82-year-old gentleman visits the primary care clinic with complaints of urine dribbling and
trouble initiating his urinary stream. Which of the following should be considered in the
differential diagnosis?
a. benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
b. prostate cancer
c. urinary tract infection (UTI)
d. all of the above
(ANSWER)
d. all of the above
Which type of mammal is responsible for the highest percentage of bites?
a. dogs
b. cats
c. humans
(Newest Versions 2025) | Clinical
Reasoning, Advanced Health
Assessment, Differential Diagnosis,
Evidence-Based Practice, and Primary
Care Management | Just Released
Janet is a 30-year-old female who has recently been diagnosed with a herniated disc at the L5-S1
level. She is currently in the emergency department with concerns about possible cauda equina
syndrome. Which of the following is a sign or symptom indicative of cauda equina syndrome?
a. weakness in the gastrocnemius
b. diminished or absent ankle reflex
c. numbness in the lateral aspect of the foot
d. paresthesia in the perineum and buttocks
(ANSWER)
d. paresthesia in the perineum and buttocks
The patient presents with acute pancreatitis and meets 7 of the diagnostic criteria from Ranson's
Criteria. When planning care, the clinician understands that this score reflects which of the
following implications?
,a. a high mortality risk
b. an increased likelihood of recurrence
c. a 7% chance of chronic disease
d. all of the above
(ANSWER)
a. a high mortality risk
Reuben, a 24-year-old man living with HIV, has just undergone a routine viral load test. The
results indicate a decline in viral load. What does this suggest?
a. a positive trend in diagnosis
b. disease advancement
c. the necessity for more aggressive treatment
d. the complete eradication of HIV
(ANSWER)
a. a positive trend in diagnosis
What is the distinguishing symptom between labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis?
a. vestibular neuritis typically has an abrupt onset, while labyrinthitis has a more gradual onset
b. hearing loss may occur with vestibular neuritis, but not with labyrinthitis
c. labyrinthitis usually has an acute onset, whereas vestibular neuritis presents more gradually
d. hearing loss may be seen in labyrinthitis but not in vestibular neuritis.
(ANSWER)
d. hearing loss may be seen in labyrinthitis but not in vestibular neuritis.
,A 27-year-old woman presents with a primary complaint of burning and pain during urination.
She has no previous history of urinary tract infections. What additional symptoms would be
consistent with a diagnosis of a lower urinary tract infection?
a. lower back and abdominal pain
b. fever, chills, and tenderness at the costovertebral angle
c. presence of blood in urine and frequent urination
d. foul-smelling discharge and itching in the perineal area
(ANSWER)
c. presence of blood in urine and frequent urination
The differential diagnosis for vertigo can be categorized into which of the following groups:
a. peripheral vestibular disorders
b. central nervous system disorders
c. systemic conditions
d. all of the above
(ANSWER)
d. all of the above
Sam is a 25-year-old male who has been diagnosed with a low back strain based on his history of
localized pain and muscle spasms, along with a normal neurological assessment. As the clinician,
you inform Sam that low back pain is a diagnosis that requires ruling out other conditions.
Which of the following symptoms would indicate a more serious concern such as a herniated
nucleus pulposus or ruptured disc?
a. morning stiffness and restricted movement of the lumbar spine
b. unilateral radicular pain that radiates below the knee and is equal to or more intense than the
back pain
, c. fever, chills, and an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate
d. pathological fractures, intense night pain, unexplained weight loss, and fatigue
(ANSWER)
b. unilateral radicular pain that radiates below the knee and is equal to or more intense than the
back pain
Preceptors are required to see all patients that students encounter in the clinical setting.
a. true
b. false
(ANSWER)
a. true
An 82-year-old gentleman visits the primary care clinic with complaints of urine dribbling and
trouble initiating his urinary stream. Which of the following should be considered in the
differential diagnosis?
a. benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
b. prostate cancer
c. urinary tract infection (UTI)
d. all of the above
(ANSWER)
d. all of the above
Which type of mammal is responsible for the highest percentage of bites?
a. dogs
b. cats
c. humans
