NURS
NURS 2513 – ETHICS EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS UPDATED (2024/2025)
(VERIFIED ANSWERS)
Moral values - ANS ✓preferences or dispositions that reflect right or wrong in
human behavior
Values clarification - ANS ✓the process of becoming more conscious of and
articulating what we value or consider worthy
Values conflict - ANS ✓when personal values are at odds with those of patients,
colleagues, or the institution, internal or interpersonal conflict may result
Overt/explicit values - ANS ✓values of individual institutions and organized
health care systems that are explicitly communicated through philosophy and
policy documents
Implicit values - ANS ✓unspoken expectations or norms that are an inherent
part of the value system in particular settings or units or within professions
Moral distress - ANS ✓the reaction to a situation in which there are moral
problems that seem to have clear solutions, yet we are unable to follow our moral
beliefs because of external restraints
Piagets's Stages of Cognitive Development - ANS ✓1st stage: Sensorimotor
stage
2nd stage: Preoperational stage
3rd stage: Concrete operational stage
4th stage: Formal operational stage
1
NURS 2513
, NURS
Sensorimotor stage - ANS ✓in Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to about 2
years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their
sensory impressions and motor activities
Preoperational stage - ANS ✓in Piaget's theory, the stage (from 2 to about 6 or
7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet
comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic. Views world through an
egocentric perspective.
Concrete operational stage - ANS ✓in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive
development (from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain
the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events
Formal operational stage - ANS ✓in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive
development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to
think logically about abstract concepts
Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development - ANS ✓preconventional,
conventional, postconventional
Kohlberg's preconventional level - ANS ✓stage 1: punishment and obedience -
rules are obeyed in order to avoid punishment
Stage 2: instrumental purpose - conformity to rules is viewed to be in our
own interest because it provides rewards
Kohlberg's conventional level - ANS ✓Stage 3: Mutual Interpersonal
Expectations, Relationships and Conformity
-Concern about the reactions of others is a basis for decisions and behavior,
and being good in order to maintain relations is important.
Stage 4: Stage of Social System and Conscience Maintenance
2
NURS 2513
NURS 2513 – ETHICS EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS UPDATED (2024/2025)
(VERIFIED ANSWERS)
Moral values - ANS ✓preferences or dispositions that reflect right or wrong in
human behavior
Values clarification - ANS ✓the process of becoming more conscious of and
articulating what we value or consider worthy
Values conflict - ANS ✓when personal values are at odds with those of patients,
colleagues, or the institution, internal or interpersonal conflict may result
Overt/explicit values - ANS ✓values of individual institutions and organized
health care systems that are explicitly communicated through philosophy and
policy documents
Implicit values - ANS ✓unspoken expectations or norms that are an inherent
part of the value system in particular settings or units or within professions
Moral distress - ANS ✓the reaction to a situation in which there are moral
problems that seem to have clear solutions, yet we are unable to follow our moral
beliefs because of external restraints
Piagets's Stages of Cognitive Development - ANS ✓1st stage: Sensorimotor
stage
2nd stage: Preoperational stage
3rd stage: Concrete operational stage
4th stage: Formal operational stage
1
NURS 2513
, NURS
Sensorimotor stage - ANS ✓in Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to about 2
years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their
sensory impressions and motor activities
Preoperational stage - ANS ✓in Piaget's theory, the stage (from 2 to about 6 or
7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet
comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic. Views world through an
egocentric perspective.
Concrete operational stage - ANS ✓in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive
development (from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain
the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events
Formal operational stage - ANS ✓in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive
development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to
think logically about abstract concepts
Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development - ANS ✓preconventional,
conventional, postconventional
Kohlberg's preconventional level - ANS ✓stage 1: punishment and obedience -
rules are obeyed in order to avoid punishment
Stage 2: instrumental purpose - conformity to rules is viewed to be in our
own interest because it provides rewards
Kohlberg's conventional level - ANS ✓Stage 3: Mutual Interpersonal
Expectations, Relationships and Conformity
-Concern about the reactions of others is a basis for decisions and behavior,
and being good in order to maintain relations is important.
Stage 4: Stage of Social System and Conscience Maintenance
2
NURS 2513
