NR293ATIPharmacologyFinalReview2026 Update
1. Calcium supplement for osteoporosis--why would they have flank pain
2. A nurse is preparing to administer a dose of lactulose to a client who has
cirrhosis. The client states, "I don't need this medication. I am not
constipated." The nurse should explain that in clients who have cirrhosis,
lactulose is used to
decrease levels of which of the following components in the
bloodstream?
a. Glucose
b. Ammonia
i. Rationale: Lactulose, a disaccharide, is a sugar that works
as an osmotic diuretic. It prevents absorption of ammonia in the colon.
Accumulation of ammonia in the bloodstream, which occurs in
pathologic conditions of the liver, such as
cirrhosis, may affect the central nervous system, causing
hepatic encephalopathy or coma.
c. Potassium
d. Bicarbonate
3. A nurse on a medical unit is planning care for an older adult client
who takes several medications. Which of the following prescribed
medications places the client at risk for orthostatic hypotension?
(Select all that apply.)
a. Furosemide
b. Telmisartan
, c. Duloxetine
d. Clopidogrel
e. Atorvastatin
4. Someone has a-fib on coumadin, know what normal PT is 5. Someone is on
atorvastatin (statin) what kind of labs do we look at
a. Liver function
6. CKD nephrotoxicity
a. Antibiotic
7. Heart failure and on Lasix, what are adverse effects of Lasix and what
would happen if hypokalemic
8. Celecoxib for osteoarthritis (adverse effects??)
a. Not stroke
9. A nurse is caring for a client who has difficulty swallowing medications
and is prescribed enteric-coated aspirin PO once daily. The client asks if
the medication can be
crushed to make it easier to swallow. Which of the
following responses should the nurse provide?
a. "Crushingthemedicationmightcauseyou tohave
astomachache or indigestion.
i. Rationale: The pill is enteric-coated to prevent breakdown
inthestomachanddecreasethe possibility ofGI distress.
Crushing destroys protection.
b. "Crushing the medication is a good idea, and I can mix it in
some ice cream for you.”
c. "Crushing the medication would release all the
medication at once, rather than over time."
d. "Crushing is unsafe, as it destroys the
,ingredients in the medication."
, 10. A nurse is providing teaching for a client who is newly
diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus and has a prescription for
glipizide. Which of the following
statements by the nurse best describes the action of glipizide?
a. "Glipizide absorbs the excess carbohydrates in your system."
b. "Glipizidestimulatesyourpancreas toreleaseinsulin." i.
Rationale: Glipizide is an oral antidiabetic
medication in the pharmacological classification of
sulfonylurea agents. These medications help to lower blood
glucose levels in clients who have type 2 diabetes mellitus using
several methods, including reducing glucose output by the
liver, increasing peripheral sensitivity to insulin, and
stimulating the release of insulin from the
functioning beta cells of the pancreas.
c. "Glipizide replaces insulin that is not being
produced by your pancreas."
d. "Glipizide prevents your liver from destroying your
insulin."
11. Having transdermal analgesic-- look up
emla cream 12.SAA--how to use cream with
child ^^^
a. Use visual pain rating scale
13.A nurse is caring for a client who has active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB)
and is to be started on intravenous rifampin therapy. The nurse should instruct
the client that this medication can cause which of the following adverse
1. Calcium supplement for osteoporosis--why would they have flank pain
2. A nurse is preparing to administer a dose of lactulose to a client who has
cirrhosis. The client states, "I don't need this medication. I am not
constipated." The nurse should explain that in clients who have cirrhosis,
lactulose is used to
decrease levels of which of the following components in the
bloodstream?
a. Glucose
b. Ammonia
i. Rationale: Lactulose, a disaccharide, is a sugar that works
as an osmotic diuretic. It prevents absorption of ammonia in the colon.
Accumulation of ammonia in the bloodstream, which occurs in
pathologic conditions of the liver, such as
cirrhosis, may affect the central nervous system, causing
hepatic encephalopathy or coma.
c. Potassium
d. Bicarbonate
3. A nurse on a medical unit is planning care for an older adult client
who takes several medications. Which of the following prescribed
medications places the client at risk for orthostatic hypotension?
(Select all that apply.)
a. Furosemide
b. Telmisartan
, c. Duloxetine
d. Clopidogrel
e. Atorvastatin
4. Someone has a-fib on coumadin, know what normal PT is 5. Someone is on
atorvastatin (statin) what kind of labs do we look at
a. Liver function
6. CKD nephrotoxicity
a. Antibiotic
7. Heart failure and on Lasix, what are adverse effects of Lasix and what
would happen if hypokalemic
8. Celecoxib for osteoarthritis (adverse effects??)
a. Not stroke
9. A nurse is caring for a client who has difficulty swallowing medications
and is prescribed enteric-coated aspirin PO once daily. The client asks if
the medication can be
crushed to make it easier to swallow. Which of the
following responses should the nurse provide?
a. "Crushingthemedicationmightcauseyou tohave
astomachache or indigestion.
i. Rationale: The pill is enteric-coated to prevent breakdown
inthestomachanddecreasethe possibility ofGI distress.
Crushing destroys protection.
b. "Crushing the medication is a good idea, and I can mix it in
some ice cream for you.”
c. "Crushing the medication would release all the
medication at once, rather than over time."
d. "Crushing is unsafe, as it destroys the
,ingredients in the medication."
, 10. A nurse is providing teaching for a client who is newly
diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus and has a prescription for
glipizide. Which of the following
statements by the nurse best describes the action of glipizide?
a. "Glipizide absorbs the excess carbohydrates in your system."
b. "Glipizidestimulatesyourpancreas toreleaseinsulin." i.
Rationale: Glipizide is an oral antidiabetic
medication in the pharmacological classification of
sulfonylurea agents. These medications help to lower blood
glucose levels in clients who have type 2 diabetes mellitus using
several methods, including reducing glucose output by the
liver, increasing peripheral sensitivity to insulin, and
stimulating the release of insulin from the
functioning beta cells of the pancreas.
c. "Glipizide replaces insulin that is not being
produced by your pancreas."
d. "Glipizide prevents your liver from destroying your
insulin."
11. Having transdermal analgesic-- look up
emla cream 12.SAA--how to use cream with
child ^^^
a. Use visual pain rating scale
13.A nurse is caring for a client who has active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB)
and is to be started on intravenous rifampin therapy. The nurse should instruct
the client that this medication can cause which of the following adverse
