NU 372 Exam 1 Practice NCLEX
Questions correctly answered
A nurse removes a central line access device once the patient no longer requires intravenous (IV)
antibiotics. This action is an example of which strategy to prevent antimicrobial resistance
established by the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)?
A. Preventing transmission
B. Proper diagnosis
C. Preventing infection
D. Prudent antibiotic use - correct answer C. Preventing infection
The CDC's campaign to prevent the development of antimicrobial resistance in hospitals focuses on
four approaches: (1) prevent infection, (2) diagnose and treat infection effectively, (3) use
antimicrobials wisely, and (4) prevent transmission. Expeditious removal of invasive devices, such as
IV catheters, and restricting these devices to essential use are examples of the CDC's strategy to
prevent infection.
A patient has acquired an infection while in the hospital. The nurse identifies this type of infection as
what?
A. Superinfection
B. Suprainfection
C. Nosocomial infection
D. Resistant infection - correct answer C. Nosocomial infection
Nosocomial infections are acquired by patients while in the hospital. Superinfection and
suprainfection are terms used to describe the emergence of drug resistance.
Which are examples of the improper use of antibiotic therapy? (Select all that apply.)
A. Using surgical drainage as an adjunct to antibiotic therapy
, B. Treating a viral infection
C. Basing treatment on sensitivity reports
D. Treating fever in an immunodeficient patient
E. Using dosing that results in a superinfection - correct answer B. Treating a viral infection
E. Using dosing that results in a superinfection
Common misuses of antibiotics include (1) treatment of a viral infection, which results in exposure of
the patient to the risks of the medication without providing any benefits; and (2) improper dosing
(dosing that is too high results in superinfection). The other answers are examples of the proper use
of antimicrobial therapy.
Before administering intravenous (IV) penicillin, the nurse should do what?
A. Flush the IV site with normal saline.
B. Assess the patient for allergies.
C. Review the patient's intake and output record.
D. Determine the latest creatinine clearance result. - correct answer B. Assess the patient for allergies
The principal adverse effect of penicillins is allergic reaction. Penicillins are contraindicated in
patients with a history of severe allergic reactions to penicillins, cephalosporins, or carbapenems. IV
patency is important, as is monitoring renal function, because impairment can cause penicillins to
reach toxic levels; however, these are not as important as determining allergy status.
Which of the following children is at risk of recurrent otitis media (OM)?
A An 18-month-old infant who lives with a smoker
B A 2-year-old child who has had two ear infections in the past 6 months
C A 6-month-old infant who has a sibling who had tubes inserted at 3 years of age
D An 18-month-old infant who has had three episodes of ear infections in a 5-month period - correct
answer D.
A first episode of OM that occurs within 3 months of life increases risk of recurrent OM. Recurrent
OM is three episodes within the past 3 months or four episodes within the past year.
Questions correctly answered
A nurse removes a central line access device once the patient no longer requires intravenous (IV)
antibiotics. This action is an example of which strategy to prevent antimicrobial resistance
established by the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)?
A. Preventing transmission
B. Proper diagnosis
C. Preventing infection
D. Prudent antibiotic use - correct answer C. Preventing infection
The CDC's campaign to prevent the development of antimicrobial resistance in hospitals focuses on
four approaches: (1) prevent infection, (2) diagnose and treat infection effectively, (3) use
antimicrobials wisely, and (4) prevent transmission. Expeditious removal of invasive devices, such as
IV catheters, and restricting these devices to essential use are examples of the CDC's strategy to
prevent infection.
A patient has acquired an infection while in the hospital. The nurse identifies this type of infection as
what?
A. Superinfection
B. Suprainfection
C. Nosocomial infection
D. Resistant infection - correct answer C. Nosocomial infection
Nosocomial infections are acquired by patients while in the hospital. Superinfection and
suprainfection are terms used to describe the emergence of drug resistance.
Which are examples of the improper use of antibiotic therapy? (Select all that apply.)
A. Using surgical drainage as an adjunct to antibiotic therapy
, B. Treating a viral infection
C. Basing treatment on sensitivity reports
D. Treating fever in an immunodeficient patient
E. Using dosing that results in a superinfection - correct answer B. Treating a viral infection
E. Using dosing that results in a superinfection
Common misuses of antibiotics include (1) treatment of a viral infection, which results in exposure of
the patient to the risks of the medication without providing any benefits; and (2) improper dosing
(dosing that is too high results in superinfection). The other answers are examples of the proper use
of antimicrobial therapy.
Before administering intravenous (IV) penicillin, the nurse should do what?
A. Flush the IV site with normal saline.
B. Assess the patient for allergies.
C. Review the patient's intake and output record.
D. Determine the latest creatinine clearance result. - correct answer B. Assess the patient for allergies
The principal adverse effect of penicillins is allergic reaction. Penicillins are contraindicated in
patients with a history of severe allergic reactions to penicillins, cephalosporins, or carbapenems. IV
patency is important, as is monitoring renal function, because impairment can cause penicillins to
reach toxic levels; however, these are not as important as determining allergy status.
Which of the following children is at risk of recurrent otitis media (OM)?
A An 18-month-old infant who lives with a smoker
B A 2-year-old child who has had two ear infections in the past 6 months
C A 6-month-old infant who has a sibling who had tubes inserted at 3 years of age
D An 18-month-old infant who has had three episodes of ear infections in a 5-month period - correct
answer D.
A first episode of OM that occurs within 3 months of life increases risk of recurrent OM. Recurrent
OM is three episodes within the past 3 months or four episodes within the past year.
