Depressive Disorders: Effective Treatment, Therapy, and Medication for Managing Depression

Depressive Disorders
K.O. TSHIAMO
April 2019

, Prevalence of Depressive
Disorders
• Depression affects > 300 million people globally
• In BW, recent prevalence statistics limited
 Estimate: > 17 million people
 A nationally representative household survey
(2002-2004) including 4 351 adult South
Africans conducted
• Prevalence MD: 9.7% (Lifetime)
4.9% (1 yr prior to interview)
 1 in 6 have anxiety, depression or substance-
abuse issues
 < 16% receive treatment
 More prevalent in females

,GLOBAL BURDEN OF DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS

• By 2020, the following estimated
projection has been made:
– Depression will be the SECOND leading
cause of GLOBAL DISEASE BURDEN
• BUT, ALREADY Second leading cause
of DISABILITY AND DISEASE
BURDEN

, Aetiology/Pathophysiology
of Depressive Disorders
• Environmental Factors
• Genetic Factors
• Iatrogenic Factors
• Chronic Comorbid Diseases
• Neurochemical Theories
– The Monoamine Hypothesis
• Neurotrophic and Endocrine Dysregulation
– The Neurotrophic Hypothesis
– Other Neuroendocrine Factors
• Other hypotheses and new developments