Table of Contents
Page No.
1. Introduction to Alternative Dispute Resolution………………………………… 6
2. Meaning and Objectives of ADR………………………………………………… 6-7
3. Importance of ADR in India…………………………………………………. 8
4. Historical Development of ADR Law in India………………………………. 9
5. Laws Governing ADR in India……………………………………………………. 10
6. Arbitration- Application, Procedure and Skills, Case Studies……………………… 13-16
7. Conciliation- Application, Procedure and Skills, Case Studies……………………… 16-19
8. Mediation- Application, Procedure and Skills, Case Studies……………………………19-21
9. Negotiation- Application, Procedure and Skills, Case Studies……………………… 21-23
10. Merits and Demerits of ADR……………………………………………………… 24
11. Difference between Arbitration and Conciliation…………………………………… 25
12. Role of Third Party in ADR………………………………………… 26
13. Regulatory Framework for ADR in India………………………………………… 27
14. Concept of Legal Aid………………………………………… 29
15. Historical Background of Legal Aid in India………………………………………… 31
Page 1 of 42
, Page No.
16. Right to Legal Aid and Constitutional Goals………………………………………… 32
17. Laws Governing Legal Aid in India………………………………………… 32
18. Judiciary’s Role in Promoting Legal Aid………………………………………… 33
19. Lok Adalat- Evolution, Powers and Functions……………………………………… 33-36
20. Observation of Lok Adalat Visit………………………………………… 36
21. Legal Aid Camp Experience………………………………………… 37
22. Conclusion………………………………………… 38-39
23. Annexure (Legal Aid Camp Report) ………………………………………… 40-41
Page 2 of 42
, List of Abbreviations
Abbreviation Full Form
ADR Alternative Dispute Resolution
CPC Code of Civil Procedure
CrPC Criminal Procedure Code
SCC Supreme Court Cases
AIR All India Report
DLSA District Legal Services Authority
NALSA National Legal Services Authority
MACT Motor Accident Claims Tribunals
PLA Permanent Lok Adalat
UNCITRAL United Nations Commission on International
Trade Law
DPSP Directive Principal of State Policy
Page 3 of 42
, Table of Cases
Sl. No. Case Name Citation
1 Bharat Aluminium Co. v. Kaiser Aluminium (2012) 9 SCC 552
2 Ssangyong Engg. & Construction Co. Ltd. V. (2019) 15 SCC 131
NHAI
3 Vidya Drolia v. Durga Trading Corp. (2000) 6 SCC 179
4 Haresh Dayaram Thakur v. State of Maharashtra AIR 2003 SC 3493
5 NHAI v. Bumihiway DDB Ltd. (2006) 10 SCC 763
6 Afcons Infrastructure Ltd. V. Cherian Varkey (2010) 8 SCC 24
Construction Co.
7 Salem Advocate Bar Association v. Union of (2005) 6 SCC 344
India
8 M.R. Krishna Murthi v. New India Assurance Co. (2019) 4 SCC 626
Ltd.
9 M.L. Mazumdar v. Union of India AIR 1990 SC 1253
10 J.K. Industries Ltd. v. Union of India (2007) 13 SCC 673
11 Hussainara Khatoon v. State of Bihar AIR 1979 SC 1969
12 Sukh Das v. Union Territory of Arunachal AIR 1986SC 991
Pradesh
Page 4 of 42
Page No.
1. Introduction to Alternative Dispute Resolution………………………………… 6
2. Meaning and Objectives of ADR………………………………………………… 6-7
3. Importance of ADR in India…………………………………………………. 8
4. Historical Development of ADR Law in India………………………………. 9
5. Laws Governing ADR in India……………………………………………………. 10
6. Arbitration- Application, Procedure and Skills, Case Studies……………………… 13-16
7. Conciliation- Application, Procedure and Skills, Case Studies……………………… 16-19
8. Mediation- Application, Procedure and Skills, Case Studies……………………………19-21
9. Negotiation- Application, Procedure and Skills, Case Studies……………………… 21-23
10. Merits and Demerits of ADR……………………………………………………… 24
11. Difference between Arbitration and Conciliation…………………………………… 25
12. Role of Third Party in ADR………………………………………… 26
13. Regulatory Framework for ADR in India………………………………………… 27
14. Concept of Legal Aid………………………………………… 29
15. Historical Background of Legal Aid in India………………………………………… 31
Page 1 of 42
, Page No.
16. Right to Legal Aid and Constitutional Goals………………………………………… 32
17. Laws Governing Legal Aid in India………………………………………… 32
18. Judiciary’s Role in Promoting Legal Aid………………………………………… 33
19. Lok Adalat- Evolution, Powers and Functions……………………………………… 33-36
20. Observation of Lok Adalat Visit………………………………………… 36
21. Legal Aid Camp Experience………………………………………… 37
22. Conclusion………………………………………… 38-39
23. Annexure (Legal Aid Camp Report) ………………………………………… 40-41
Page 2 of 42
, List of Abbreviations
Abbreviation Full Form
ADR Alternative Dispute Resolution
CPC Code of Civil Procedure
CrPC Criminal Procedure Code
SCC Supreme Court Cases
AIR All India Report
DLSA District Legal Services Authority
NALSA National Legal Services Authority
MACT Motor Accident Claims Tribunals
PLA Permanent Lok Adalat
UNCITRAL United Nations Commission on International
Trade Law
DPSP Directive Principal of State Policy
Page 3 of 42
, Table of Cases
Sl. No. Case Name Citation
1 Bharat Aluminium Co. v. Kaiser Aluminium (2012) 9 SCC 552
2 Ssangyong Engg. & Construction Co. Ltd. V. (2019) 15 SCC 131
NHAI
3 Vidya Drolia v. Durga Trading Corp. (2000) 6 SCC 179
4 Haresh Dayaram Thakur v. State of Maharashtra AIR 2003 SC 3493
5 NHAI v. Bumihiway DDB Ltd. (2006) 10 SCC 763
6 Afcons Infrastructure Ltd. V. Cherian Varkey (2010) 8 SCC 24
Construction Co.
7 Salem Advocate Bar Association v. Union of (2005) 6 SCC 344
India
8 M.R. Krishna Murthi v. New India Assurance Co. (2019) 4 SCC 626
Ltd.
9 M.L. Mazumdar v. Union of India AIR 1990 SC 1253
10 J.K. Industries Ltd. v. Union of India (2007) 13 SCC 673
11 Hussainara Khatoon v. State of Bihar AIR 1979 SC 1969
12 Sukh Das v. Union Territory of Arunachal AIR 1986SC 991
Pradesh
Page 4 of 42
