Test Bank Complete Pathology For The
Health Professions 2025 Questions with
100% correct Answers.
what is the main difference between innate and acquired immunity? Correct Answersacquired
immunity- a pathogen specific and requires previous antigen exposure and primarily mediated by B AND
T lymphocytes
natural immunity-does not require pervious antigen exposure and mediated primarily by segmented
neutrophils
what are the main difference between T AND B lymphocytes and between CD4+ AND CD8+
lymphocytes? Correct AnswersT lymphocytes undergo selection and maturation in the thymus.
B lymphocytes produce antigen -specific proteins that are secreted into the blood
cd4- are helper T-lymphoctyes
cd8-are killer t-lymphocytes they kill foreign and virally infected cells
what are the most important common features and functions of immunoglobulin ? Correct AnswersIgG-
efficient at activating complement and targeting pathogens for phagocytosis
IgM-Provide 1st line of defense against bacterial polysaccharides
IgA- found in saliva tears and bodily secretions
IgD- cell membrane associated and serves a receptor for early B-cell activation
IgE- antibodies are bound to the surface of mast cells, providing an antigen-specific receptor for mast
cell activation and degranulation
what is the role of the major histocompatibility complex and cytokines in the response to foreign
antigens? Correct AnswersMHC-a gene cluster that encodes cell-surface glycoproteins
cytokines-regulate the activity of other effector cells through complex paracrine signaling mechanisms
what is the mechanism of type 1 hypersensitivity? Correct Answersreflects mast cell degranulation with
the release of histamine and other vasoactive mediation of acute inflammation
, what does type 1 hypersensitivity requires? Correct Answerspervious exposure to a pathogen, which
results in the generation of IgE antibody
what are the two basic mechanisms of type 2 hypersensitivity? Correct Answers1- complement-
mediated tissue hemolysis and or damage
2-antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity(ADCC)
Which diseases are caused by type 2 hypersensitivity reaction? Correct Answers-graves disease
-myasthenia gravis
-goodpasture syndrome
Which diseases are caused by type 3 hypersensitivity reaction? Correct Answers-systemic lupus
erythematosus
-polyarteritis nodosas
-post-infectious glomerulonephritis
what is arthus phenomenon? Correct Answerslocalized immune complex reactions caused by diffusion
of antibodies from blood to antigens in specific tissues.
what is systemic lupus erythematosus? Correct Answershave circulating immune complexes, which
become trapped in a variety of organs, including the skin, kidney, and joints
what is the mechanism of type iv hypersensitivity? Correct Answershypersensitivity is mediated by T
lymphocytes and macrophages, which aggregate at the site of injury to form granulomas
which diseases are caused by type 4 hypersensitivity reaction? Correct Answerstuberculosis
poison ivy
what is autografts? Correct Answersthe patient serves as both donor and recipient
Health Professions 2025 Questions with
100% correct Answers.
what is the main difference between innate and acquired immunity? Correct Answersacquired
immunity- a pathogen specific and requires previous antigen exposure and primarily mediated by B AND
T lymphocytes
natural immunity-does not require pervious antigen exposure and mediated primarily by segmented
neutrophils
what are the main difference between T AND B lymphocytes and between CD4+ AND CD8+
lymphocytes? Correct AnswersT lymphocytes undergo selection and maturation in the thymus.
B lymphocytes produce antigen -specific proteins that are secreted into the blood
cd4- are helper T-lymphoctyes
cd8-are killer t-lymphocytes they kill foreign and virally infected cells
what are the most important common features and functions of immunoglobulin ? Correct AnswersIgG-
efficient at activating complement and targeting pathogens for phagocytosis
IgM-Provide 1st line of defense against bacterial polysaccharides
IgA- found in saliva tears and bodily secretions
IgD- cell membrane associated and serves a receptor for early B-cell activation
IgE- antibodies are bound to the surface of mast cells, providing an antigen-specific receptor for mast
cell activation and degranulation
what is the role of the major histocompatibility complex and cytokines in the response to foreign
antigens? Correct AnswersMHC-a gene cluster that encodes cell-surface glycoproteins
cytokines-regulate the activity of other effector cells through complex paracrine signaling mechanisms
what is the mechanism of type 1 hypersensitivity? Correct Answersreflects mast cell degranulation with
the release of histamine and other vasoactive mediation of acute inflammation
, what does type 1 hypersensitivity requires? Correct Answerspervious exposure to a pathogen, which
results in the generation of IgE antibody
what are the two basic mechanisms of type 2 hypersensitivity? Correct Answers1- complement-
mediated tissue hemolysis and or damage
2-antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity(ADCC)
Which diseases are caused by type 2 hypersensitivity reaction? Correct Answers-graves disease
-myasthenia gravis
-goodpasture syndrome
Which diseases are caused by type 3 hypersensitivity reaction? Correct Answers-systemic lupus
erythematosus
-polyarteritis nodosas
-post-infectious glomerulonephritis
what is arthus phenomenon? Correct Answerslocalized immune complex reactions caused by diffusion
of antibodies from blood to antigens in specific tissues.
what is systemic lupus erythematosus? Correct Answershave circulating immune complexes, which
become trapped in a variety of organs, including the skin, kidney, and joints
what is the mechanism of type iv hypersensitivity? Correct Answershypersensitivity is mediated by T
lymphocytes and macrophages, which aggregate at the site of injury to form granulomas
which diseases are caused by type 4 hypersensitivity reaction? Correct Answerstuberculosis
poison ivy
what is autografts? Correct Answersthe patient serves as both donor and recipient
