NCM 103: FUNDAMENTALS
...a rational, systematic, step by step method
OF NURSING PRACTICE of planning and providing nursing care to
patients and their families
…cyclical – it follows a logical sequence
…a series of planned actions by the nurse
NURSING AS A SCIENCE directed towards a particular result or goal
... a framework for nursing practice.
… is a “body of abstract knowledge” arrived
It is important because...
through scientific research and logical
…it individualizes patient care –
analysis
leads to improved quality of care
…is the systematic knowledge and skills in
…it enables the patient to participate
assisting individual to achieve optimal
in his/her own care
health
...it promotes continuity of care
…it is the diagnosis and treatment of human
…it provides a framework for
responses to actual or potential problem
accountability and responsibility
(American Nurses Association, 2015).
…is a blend of the most current knowledge
and practice standards
... it integrates evidence-based findings to
provide the highest level of care.
THE NURSING PROCESS
, DIAGNOSING
Diagnosing refers to the reasoning
process
Diagnosis -a statement or conclusion
regarding the nature of a
phenomenon
Diagnostic labels are standardized
NANDA names
Nursing diagnosis - problem
statement consisting of diagnostic
label plus etiology
TYPE OF NURSING DIAGNOSES
ACTUAL DIAGNOSIS
Problem presents at the time of
assessment
Presence of associated signs and
symptoms.
HEALTH PROMOTION DIAGNOSIS
Preparedness to implement
behaviors to improve their health
condition
Example: Readiness for Enhanced
Nutrition
RISK DIAGNOSIS
Problem does not exist
Presence of risk factors
SYNDROME DIAGNOSIS
is assigned by a nurse’s clinical
judgment to describe a cluster of
nursing diagnoses that have similar
interventions (Herdman &
NURSING DIAGNOSIS Kamitsuru, 2014, p. 23).
Prior step of nursing process leads up to COMPONENTS OF A NANDA NURSING
formation of nursing diagnoses DIAGNOSIS (DIAGNOSTIC
PROBLEM STATEMENT
All other steps flow from nursing diagnoses LABEL)
Problems nurses identify and treat Describes the client’s health problem
Taxonomy to categorize client problems or or response
needs Qualifiers added to give additional
NANDA meaning
The pivotal second phase of the nursing ETIOLOGY (RELATED FACTORS AND
process. RISK FACTORS)
A statement of nursing judgment based on Identifies one or more probable
education, experience, expertise and license causes of the health problem
to treat DEFINING CHARACTERISTICS
Describes human response, the client’s Cluster of existing signs and
physical, sociocultural, psychological, and symptoms indicates “actual”
spiritual responses to an illness or health diagnosis (clients have signs and
problem symptoms).
Changes when client’s responses change Cluster of factors that cause client to
Independent nursing functions be more vulnerable to a problem
indicates “risk for” diagnosis (no
...a rational, systematic, step by step method
OF NURSING PRACTICE of planning and providing nursing care to
patients and their families
…cyclical – it follows a logical sequence
…a series of planned actions by the nurse
NURSING AS A SCIENCE directed towards a particular result or goal
... a framework for nursing practice.
… is a “body of abstract knowledge” arrived
It is important because...
through scientific research and logical
…it individualizes patient care –
analysis
leads to improved quality of care
…is the systematic knowledge and skills in
…it enables the patient to participate
assisting individual to achieve optimal
in his/her own care
health
...it promotes continuity of care
…it is the diagnosis and treatment of human
…it provides a framework for
responses to actual or potential problem
accountability and responsibility
(American Nurses Association, 2015).
…is a blend of the most current knowledge
and practice standards
... it integrates evidence-based findings to
provide the highest level of care.
THE NURSING PROCESS
, DIAGNOSING
Diagnosing refers to the reasoning
process
Diagnosis -a statement or conclusion
regarding the nature of a
phenomenon
Diagnostic labels are standardized
NANDA names
Nursing diagnosis - problem
statement consisting of diagnostic
label plus etiology
TYPE OF NURSING DIAGNOSES
ACTUAL DIAGNOSIS
Problem presents at the time of
assessment
Presence of associated signs and
symptoms.
HEALTH PROMOTION DIAGNOSIS
Preparedness to implement
behaviors to improve their health
condition
Example: Readiness for Enhanced
Nutrition
RISK DIAGNOSIS
Problem does not exist
Presence of risk factors
SYNDROME DIAGNOSIS
is assigned by a nurse’s clinical
judgment to describe a cluster of
nursing diagnoses that have similar
interventions (Herdman &
NURSING DIAGNOSIS Kamitsuru, 2014, p. 23).
Prior step of nursing process leads up to COMPONENTS OF A NANDA NURSING
formation of nursing diagnoses DIAGNOSIS (DIAGNOSTIC
PROBLEM STATEMENT
All other steps flow from nursing diagnoses LABEL)
Problems nurses identify and treat Describes the client’s health problem
Taxonomy to categorize client problems or or response
needs Qualifiers added to give additional
NANDA meaning
The pivotal second phase of the nursing ETIOLOGY (RELATED FACTORS AND
process. RISK FACTORS)
A statement of nursing judgment based on Identifies one or more probable
education, experience, expertise and license causes of the health problem
to treat DEFINING CHARACTERISTICS
Describes human response, the client’s Cluster of existing signs and
physical, sociocultural, psychological, and symptoms indicates “actual”
spiritual responses to an illness or health diagnosis (clients have signs and
problem symptoms).
Changes when client’s responses change Cluster of factors that cause client to
Independent nursing functions be more vulnerable to a problem
indicates “risk for” diagnosis (no
