Praxis 5531 Pre-Kindergarten Studyguide
Questions with correct verified detailed
Answers latest update 2025
Piaget's sensorimotor stage of cognitive development --- correct
answer ---Infants learn through environmental input they receive
through their senses; motor actions the environment about their
actions.
object permanence --- correct answer ---Concrete objects are not "out
of sight, out of mind," things still continue to exist even when they are
out of our sight. Babies generally develop this realization around 8 to
9 months old. A sign that they have developed object permanence is if
they search for the object after it is moved or hidden.
schema --- correct answer ---Piaget proposed we form mental
constructs or concepts, representing elements of the environment,
beginning in infancy. It does not represent an individual object, but a
category or class of things.
assimilation --- correct answer ---When we can fit something new
into an existing schema.
,accommodation --- correct answer ---When something new cannot be
assimilated into an existing schema, we either modify that schema or
form a new schema.
conservation --- correct answer ---The cognitive ability to understand
that objects or substances retain their properties of numbers or
amounts even their appearance, shape, or configuration changes.
Piaget found from the experiments with children that this ability
develops around the age of 5 years. He also found children develop
conservation of numbers, length, mass, weight, volume, and quantity
respectively at slightly different ages.
Piaget's preoperational stage of cognitive development --- correct
answer ---Most children aged 2-6 years cannot perform mental
operations, manipulate information mentally including following
concrete logic or manipulating information mentally. Their thinking is
intuitive. These children are also "egocentric" in that they literally
cannot adopt another point of view concretely. They view everything
as revolving around themselves. Children now further develop this
ability during pretend/make-believe play.
Piaget's concrete operational stage of cognitive development ---
correct answer ---At around 6-7 years old, children as this stage has
the key ability to think logically. This ability first develops relative to
concrete objects and events. These children still have trouble
understanding abstract concepts or hypothetical situations, but they
,can apply logical sequences and cause and effect to things they can
see, feel, and manipulate physically.
animism --- correct answer ---Assigning human qualities, feelings,
and actions to inanimate objects. For example, a child may say "the
tree didn't like that leaf and pushed it off of its branch.
magical thinking --- correct answer ---Attributing cause and effect
relationships between their own feelings and thoughts and
environmental events where none exists. For example, if a child says
"I hate you" to another person or secretly dislikes and wishes the
other gone, and something bad then happens to that person, the child
is likely to believe what she/he said felt thought caused the other's
unfortunate event. This is related to egocentrism---seeing everything
is revolving around oneself.
Six Stages of Growth and Development in Art --- correct answer ---1.
Scribble Stage
2. The Preschematic Stage
3. The Schematic Stage
4. Dawning Realism Stage
5. Pseudorealistic Stage
6. Decision Stage
, scribble stage --- correct answer ---From 2 to 4 years, children first
make uncontrolled scribbles; then controlled scribbling; then progress
to naming their scribbles to indicate what they represent.
preschematic stage --- correct answer ---From 4 to 6 years, children
begin to develop a visual schema.
schematic stage --- correct answer ---From 7 to 9 years, drawings
reflect actual physical proportions and colors.
dawning realism --- correct answer ---From ages 9-11, drawings
become increasingly representational
pseudorealistic stage --- correct answer ---From ages 11-13, children
reflect their ability to reason
decision stage --- correct answer ---From ages 14+, children are
reflecting the adolescent identity crisis.
Viktor Lowenfeld --- correct answer ---He taught art to elementary
school students and sculpture to blind students. He published several
book on using creative arts activities therapeutically. He named the
stages the six stages reflecting the development of children's art as
Scribble, Preschematic, Schematic, Dawning Realism, Pseudorealistic,
and Period of Decision. His psychological emphasis in this text gave
Questions with correct verified detailed
Answers latest update 2025
Piaget's sensorimotor stage of cognitive development --- correct
answer ---Infants learn through environmental input they receive
through their senses; motor actions the environment about their
actions.
object permanence --- correct answer ---Concrete objects are not "out
of sight, out of mind," things still continue to exist even when they are
out of our sight. Babies generally develop this realization around 8 to
9 months old. A sign that they have developed object permanence is if
they search for the object after it is moved or hidden.
schema --- correct answer ---Piaget proposed we form mental
constructs or concepts, representing elements of the environment,
beginning in infancy. It does not represent an individual object, but a
category or class of things.
assimilation --- correct answer ---When we can fit something new
into an existing schema.
,accommodation --- correct answer ---When something new cannot be
assimilated into an existing schema, we either modify that schema or
form a new schema.
conservation --- correct answer ---The cognitive ability to understand
that objects or substances retain their properties of numbers or
amounts even their appearance, shape, or configuration changes.
Piaget found from the experiments with children that this ability
develops around the age of 5 years. He also found children develop
conservation of numbers, length, mass, weight, volume, and quantity
respectively at slightly different ages.
Piaget's preoperational stage of cognitive development --- correct
answer ---Most children aged 2-6 years cannot perform mental
operations, manipulate information mentally including following
concrete logic or manipulating information mentally. Their thinking is
intuitive. These children are also "egocentric" in that they literally
cannot adopt another point of view concretely. They view everything
as revolving around themselves. Children now further develop this
ability during pretend/make-believe play.
Piaget's concrete operational stage of cognitive development ---
correct answer ---At around 6-7 years old, children as this stage has
the key ability to think logically. This ability first develops relative to
concrete objects and events. These children still have trouble
understanding abstract concepts or hypothetical situations, but they
,can apply logical sequences and cause and effect to things they can
see, feel, and manipulate physically.
animism --- correct answer ---Assigning human qualities, feelings,
and actions to inanimate objects. For example, a child may say "the
tree didn't like that leaf and pushed it off of its branch.
magical thinking --- correct answer ---Attributing cause and effect
relationships between their own feelings and thoughts and
environmental events where none exists. For example, if a child says
"I hate you" to another person or secretly dislikes and wishes the
other gone, and something bad then happens to that person, the child
is likely to believe what she/he said felt thought caused the other's
unfortunate event. This is related to egocentrism---seeing everything
is revolving around oneself.
Six Stages of Growth and Development in Art --- correct answer ---1.
Scribble Stage
2. The Preschematic Stage
3. The Schematic Stage
4. Dawning Realism Stage
5. Pseudorealistic Stage
6. Decision Stage
, scribble stage --- correct answer ---From 2 to 4 years, children first
make uncontrolled scribbles; then controlled scribbling; then progress
to naming their scribbles to indicate what they represent.
preschematic stage --- correct answer ---From 4 to 6 years, children
begin to develop a visual schema.
schematic stage --- correct answer ---From 7 to 9 years, drawings
reflect actual physical proportions and colors.
dawning realism --- correct answer ---From ages 9-11, drawings
become increasingly representational
pseudorealistic stage --- correct answer ---From ages 11-13, children
reflect their ability to reason
decision stage --- correct answer ---From ages 14+, children are
reflecting the adolescent identity crisis.
Viktor Lowenfeld --- correct answer ---He taught art to elementary
school students and sculpture to blind students. He published several
book on using creative arts activities therapeutically. He named the
stages the six stages reflecting the development of children's art as
Scribble, Preschematic, Schematic, Dawning Realism, Pseudorealistic,
and Period of Decision. His psychological emphasis in this text gave
