BIO 201 MIDTERM EXAM V1
• What is positive feedback?: Feedback that increases the output of a process.
• what are the different parts of homeostasis?: Receptor- detects a particularstimulus
Control Center- responds to the stimulus by communicating with an effectorEffector- activity
that has an effect on the same stimulus.
• What is a tissue?: A group of cells that act together to perform a specificfunction.
• epithelial tissue: covers and protects, type of tissue that forms glands, formstissues and
lining of organs
• Where is epithelial tissue found?: body coverings, body linings, glandulartissue
• squamous epithelial tissue: forms the upper layer of the epidermis
• cuboidal epithelial tissue: cube-shaped cells, one layer thick
• columnar epithelial tissue: column shaped cells used for protection and insome cases
production of muscus
• stratified vs simple: Stratified: several layers of cellsSimple: Single layer of cells
• pseudostratified epithelial tissue: Contains one layer of epithelial cells, butappears to have
more than one
• transitional epithelial tissue: stretchy & variably shaped . lines the uterusbladder, part of
the urethra.
• connective tissue: A body tissue that provides support for the body and con-nects all of its
parts
• loose connective tissue: surrounds various organs and supports both nervecells and blood
vessels
• dense connective tissue: tendons and ligaments
• blood connective tissue: blood vessels
• bone connective tissue: mineralized and forms the skeleton
• muscle tissue: movement
• smooth muscle: Involuntary muscle found inside many internal organs of thebody
• cardiac muscle: Involuntary muscle tissue found only in the heart.
• skeletal muscle: voluntary. a muscle that is connected to the skeleton to formpart of the
mechanical system that moves the limbs and other parts of the body.
• nervous tissue: A body tissue that carries electrical messages back and forthbetween the
, brain and every other part of the body.
• What is histology?: study of tissues
• what tissue is bone made of?: osseous tissue: connective tissue, calciumphosphate,
osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts
• What are the different types of bones histologically?: compact: outer layerof long bones,
osteons
spongy/cancellous: trabeculae; inner portion of the bone; red bone marrow
• what are the different types of bones? based on size.: long, short, sesamoid,irregular, flat
• What is anatomy?: the study of the structure of the body
• What is physiology?: study of the function of the body
• How is the human body organized?: atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs,organ systems,
organism
• What is a cell?: smallest unit of life
• What are the body cavities?: dorsal and ventral
• What is in the dorsal cavity?: cranial and spinal
• What is in the ventral cavity?: thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity
• What is the sagittal plane?: a vertical plane that divides the body into right andleft parts
• What is the transverse plane?: Horizontal plane that divides the body intosuperior and
inferior parts
• What is the frontal/dorsal plane?: Vertical plane that divides the body intoanterior/ventral
and posterior/dorsal parts
• Superior (cranial): toward the head
• Inferior (caudal): towards the feet
• Lateral: away from the midline
• Medial: toward the midline
• Abduction: movement away from the midline
• Adduction: Movement toward the midline
• Flexion: Decreases the angle of a joint
• extension: increases the angle of a joint
• Proximal: Closer to the point of attachment
• Distal: away from the point of attachment
• superficial: near the surface
• What is positive feedback?: Feedback that increases the output of a process.
• what are the different parts of homeostasis?: Receptor- detects a particularstimulus
Control Center- responds to the stimulus by communicating with an effectorEffector- activity
that has an effect on the same stimulus.
• What is a tissue?: A group of cells that act together to perform a specificfunction.
• epithelial tissue: covers and protects, type of tissue that forms glands, formstissues and
lining of organs
• Where is epithelial tissue found?: body coverings, body linings, glandulartissue
• squamous epithelial tissue: forms the upper layer of the epidermis
• cuboidal epithelial tissue: cube-shaped cells, one layer thick
• columnar epithelial tissue: column shaped cells used for protection and insome cases
production of muscus
• stratified vs simple: Stratified: several layers of cellsSimple: Single layer of cells
• pseudostratified epithelial tissue: Contains one layer of epithelial cells, butappears to have
more than one
• transitional epithelial tissue: stretchy & variably shaped . lines the uterusbladder, part of
the urethra.
• connective tissue: A body tissue that provides support for the body and con-nects all of its
parts
• loose connective tissue: surrounds various organs and supports both nervecells and blood
vessels
• dense connective tissue: tendons and ligaments
• blood connective tissue: blood vessels
• bone connective tissue: mineralized and forms the skeleton
• muscle tissue: movement
• smooth muscle: Involuntary muscle found inside many internal organs of thebody
• cardiac muscle: Involuntary muscle tissue found only in the heart.
• skeletal muscle: voluntary. a muscle that is connected to the skeleton to formpart of the
mechanical system that moves the limbs and other parts of the body.
• nervous tissue: A body tissue that carries electrical messages back and forthbetween the
, brain and every other part of the body.
• What is histology?: study of tissues
• what tissue is bone made of?: osseous tissue: connective tissue, calciumphosphate,
osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts
• What are the different types of bones histologically?: compact: outer layerof long bones,
osteons
spongy/cancellous: trabeculae; inner portion of the bone; red bone marrow
• what are the different types of bones? based on size.: long, short, sesamoid,irregular, flat
• What is anatomy?: the study of the structure of the body
• What is physiology?: study of the function of the body
• How is the human body organized?: atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs,organ systems,
organism
• What is a cell?: smallest unit of life
• What are the body cavities?: dorsal and ventral
• What is in the dorsal cavity?: cranial and spinal
• What is in the ventral cavity?: thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity
• What is the sagittal plane?: a vertical plane that divides the body into right andleft parts
• What is the transverse plane?: Horizontal plane that divides the body intosuperior and
inferior parts
• What is the frontal/dorsal plane?: Vertical plane that divides the body intoanterior/ventral
and posterior/dorsal parts
• Superior (cranial): toward the head
• Inferior (caudal): towards the feet
• Lateral: away from the midline
• Medial: toward the midline
• Abduction: movement away from the midline
• Adduction: Movement toward the midline
• Flexion: Decreases the angle of a joint
• extension: increases the angle of a joint
• Proximal: Closer to the point of attachment
• Distal: away from the point of attachment
• superficial: near the surface
