BIO 201 MIDTERM EXAM V2
1. groups of specialized cells and their extracellular substances surroundingthem: tissues
2. structure of each tissue informs of or of the organ where
tissue is found: function; portion
3. body tissues are classified into four types based on what two criteria?: ex-tracellular matrix
and functions
4. four primary tissue types: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue
5. three embryonic germ layers: endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm
6. What are the two layers of the bilaminar disc?: epiblast and hypoblast
7. inner germ layer: endoderm
8. the endoderm forms the lining of what?: digestive tract
9. the middle germ layer: mesoderm
10. the mesoderm forms what?: tissues
11. outer germ layer: ectoderm
12. what does the ectoderm form?: skin
13. portion of the ectoderm that becomes the nervous system: neuroectoderm
14. Group of cells that break away from the neuroectoderm during develop-ment: neural crest
cells
15. what is formed from neural crest cells? (4): peripheral nerves, skin pigmentcells, medulla
of adrenal gland, many face tissues
16. what is the function of epithelial tissue?: covering and protecting surfaces
17. epithelial tissues have very little what?: extracellular matrix
18. epithelial tissues cover body surfaces and also form : glands
19. what is the exposed surface of epithelial tissue called?: free surface (apicalsurface)
20. surfaces of epithelial cells are anchored to the surface: basal
21. Cells at the base of an epithelial layer are attached to this: basementmembrane
22. two layers of the basement membrane: basal lamina; reticular lamina
23. two layers of basal lamina: lamina lucida; lamina densa
24. What are the three components of the basement membrane?: collagen,glycoproteins,
proteoglycans
,25. basement membrane plays a role in what during cell repair?: supporting andguiding cell
migration
26. the basement membrane is typically : porous
27. where epithelial cells are attached to each other: lateral surface
28. is epithelial tissue vascular or avascular?: avascular
29. how do gases and nutrients reach the epithelium?: diffusion
30. is epithelial tissue unable to regenerate?: no
31. five major functions of epithelial tissue: protecting underlying structures, acting as a
barrier, permitting passage of substances, secreting substances, andabsorbing substances
32. transitional epithelium is a type of epithelium: stratified
33. what are the two subtypes of stratified squamous epithelium?: nonkera-tinized;
keratinized
34. epithelium tissue that consists of living cells in deepest and superficiallayers; fluid-
covered: nonkeratinized (moist) stratified squamous epithelium
35. four places were nonkeratinized stratified squamous is found: mouth,esophagus, rectum,
vagina
36. epithelium that consists of living cells in only deepest layers; superficiallayers are
moisture-resistant: stratified squamous epithelium
37. where are keratinized stratified squamous epithelium found? (3): skin,gums, hard palate
38. stratified epithelium that lines the bladder, ureters, kidney, and urethra: -
transitional epithelium
39. simple squamous epithelium are best adapted for areas where and
are common: filtration; diffusion
40. has greater secretory capacity than simple squamous epithelium due tolarger volume:
simple cuboidal
41. most glands of the body are frequently composed of which tissue?: simplecuboidal
42. epithelium that commonly protects the lining of intestines: simple cuboidal
43. epithelium that helps trap inhaled debris in trachea: pseudostratifiedcolumnar
44. responsible for secreting large amounts of mucus: goblet cells
45. free surfaces can be or : smooth; folded
46. free surfaces can have or : microvilli; cilia
47. smooth surfaces reduce : friction
48. projections that increase the cell's surface area: microvilli
, 49. projections that extend from plasma membrane, used to move materialsacross free
surface of cell: cilia
50. microvilli are and contain : nonmotile; microfilaments
51. cilia are and contain : motile, microtubules
52. specialized to stretch and expand (ex. bladder): transitional epithelium
53. cell connection structures that mechanically bind epithelial cells: desmo-somes
54. cell connection structures that bind cells to basement membrane: -
hemidesmosomes
55. typically found in epithelial tissues subjected to mechanical stress: -
desmosomes
56. cell connections that form barriers and anchor cells to each other: tightjunctions
57. found below tight junctions and help anchor epithelial tissues to eachother: adhesion
belts
58. tight junctions are located near the of cells: free surface
59. cell connections that allow for intercellular communication: gap junctions
60. two major types of glands in the body: endocrine and exocrine
61. gland that produces hormones and often ductless: endocrine gland
62. endocrine glands are associated with a network of
andhormones are transmitted by : blood vessels; blood
63. glands that produce many products such as saliva, sweat, and digestivetract secretions:
exocrine gland
64. secretions from exocrine glands enter : ducts
65. multicellular glands that have a nonbranched duct: simple glands
66. two shapes of secretory portions of simple and compound glands: tubu-lar; acinar
67. secretory portion of gland that is straight, narrow, and same width asduct: tubular
68. secretory portion of gland that is saclike and width is greater than widthof duct: acinar
69. multicellular glands that have several branched ducts: compound glands
70. 3 modes of exocrine gland secretions: merocrine, apocrine, holocrine
71. secretion that is the release of secretory products through exocytosis;most common:
merocrine secretion
72. scientific discipline that investigates the body's structures: anatomy
1. groups of specialized cells and their extracellular substances surroundingthem: tissues
2. structure of each tissue informs of or of the organ where
tissue is found: function; portion
3. body tissues are classified into four types based on what two criteria?: ex-tracellular matrix
and functions
4. four primary tissue types: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue
5. three embryonic germ layers: endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm
6. What are the two layers of the bilaminar disc?: epiblast and hypoblast
7. inner germ layer: endoderm
8. the endoderm forms the lining of what?: digestive tract
9. the middle germ layer: mesoderm
10. the mesoderm forms what?: tissues
11. outer germ layer: ectoderm
12. what does the ectoderm form?: skin
13. portion of the ectoderm that becomes the nervous system: neuroectoderm
14. Group of cells that break away from the neuroectoderm during develop-ment: neural crest
cells
15. what is formed from neural crest cells? (4): peripheral nerves, skin pigmentcells, medulla
of adrenal gland, many face tissues
16. what is the function of epithelial tissue?: covering and protecting surfaces
17. epithelial tissues have very little what?: extracellular matrix
18. epithelial tissues cover body surfaces and also form : glands
19. what is the exposed surface of epithelial tissue called?: free surface (apicalsurface)
20. surfaces of epithelial cells are anchored to the surface: basal
21. Cells at the base of an epithelial layer are attached to this: basementmembrane
22. two layers of the basement membrane: basal lamina; reticular lamina
23. two layers of basal lamina: lamina lucida; lamina densa
24. What are the three components of the basement membrane?: collagen,glycoproteins,
proteoglycans
,25. basement membrane plays a role in what during cell repair?: supporting andguiding cell
migration
26. the basement membrane is typically : porous
27. where epithelial cells are attached to each other: lateral surface
28. is epithelial tissue vascular or avascular?: avascular
29. how do gases and nutrients reach the epithelium?: diffusion
30. is epithelial tissue unable to regenerate?: no
31. five major functions of epithelial tissue: protecting underlying structures, acting as a
barrier, permitting passage of substances, secreting substances, andabsorbing substances
32. transitional epithelium is a type of epithelium: stratified
33. what are the two subtypes of stratified squamous epithelium?: nonkera-tinized;
keratinized
34. epithelium tissue that consists of living cells in deepest and superficiallayers; fluid-
covered: nonkeratinized (moist) stratified squamous epithelium
35. four places were nonkeratinized stratified squamous is found: mouth,esophagus, rectum,
vagina
36. epithelium that consists of living cells in only deepest layers; superficiallayers are
moisture-resistant: stratified squamous epithelium
37. where are keratinized stratified squamous epithelium found? (3): skin,gums, hard palate
38. stratified epithelium that lines the bladder, ureters, kidney, and urethra: -
transitional epithelium
39. simple squamous epithelium are best adapted for areas where and
are common: filtration; diffusion
40. has greater secretory capacity than simple squamous epithelium due tolarger volume:
simple cuboidal
41. most glands of the body are frequently composed of which tissue?: simplecuboidal
42. epithelium that commonly protects the lining of intestines: simple cuboidal
43. epithelium that helps trap inhaled debris in trachea: pseudostratifiedcolumnar
44. responsible for secreting large amounts of mucus: goblet cells
45. free surfaces can be or : smooth; folded
46. free surfaces can have or : microvilli; cilia
47. smooth surfaces reduce : friction
48. projections that increase the cell's surface area: microvilli
, 49. projections that extend from plasma membrane, used to move materialsacross free
surface of cell: cilia
50. microvilli are and contain : nonmotile; microfilaments
51. cilia are and contain : motile, microtubules
52. specialized to stretch and expand (ex. bladder): transitional epithelium
53. cell connection structures that mechanically bind epithelial cells: desmo-somes
54. cell connection structures that bind cells to basement membrane: -
hemidesmosomes
55. typically found in epithelial tissues subjected to mechanical stress: -
desmosomes
56. cell connections that form barriers and anchor cells to each other: tightjunctions
57. found below tight junctions and help anchor epithelial tissues to eachother: adhesion
belts
58. tight junctions are located near the of cells: free surface
59. cell connections that allow for intercellular communication: gap junctions
60. two major types of glands in the body: endocrine and exocrine
61. gland that produces hormones and often ductless: endocrine gland
62. endocrine glands are associated with a network of
andhormones are transmitted by : blood vessels; blood
63. glands that produce many products such as saliva, sweat, and digestivetract secretions:
exocrine gland
64. secretions from exocrine glands enter : ducts
65. multicellular glands that have a nonbranched duct: simple glands
66. two shapes of secretory portions of simple and compound glands: tubu-lar; acinar
67. secretory portion of gland that is straight, narrow, and same width asduct: tubular
68. secretory portion of gland that is saclike and width is greater than widthof duct: acinar
69. multicellular glands that have several branched ducts: compound glands
70. 3 modes of exocrine gland secretions: merocrine, apocrine, holocrine
71. secretion that is the release of secretory products through exocytosis;most common:
merocrine secretion
72. scientific discipline that investigates the body's structures: anatomy
