NSG 533 - Oncogenesis
QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED
VERIFIED ANSWERS
Inherited forms of cancer are __________ mutations are thought to
account for approximately _______% of all adult cancers - answer
germ line
5-10%
Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) susceptibility syndrome
involves germ line mutations in which gene? What does it
encode? - answer CDH1 gene that encodes the protein E-
cadherin
Hereditary breast & ovarian cancer is more common in which
ethnic group? - answer More common in people of Ashkenazi
Jewish decent
Women with hereditary breast & ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndrome
have a germ line mutation in which gene? - answer Either BRCA1
or BRCA2
Approximately what percent of gastic cancers involves germ line
mutations in CDH1 gene? - answer Approximately 3 % of all
gastric cancers
,Life time risk of developing breast & ovarian cancer is up to _____
% (breast) and _____% (ovarian). - answer 85%
40%
HNPCC (Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer), also known
as Lynch Syndrome, comes from a mutation in several genes
involved in what function? - answer DNA repair
Hallmarks of hereditary cancers (5):
EMBRA - answer - Early age on onset: < 40 - 50 years for adult
onset cancers
- Multiple primary cancers in a single individual: (breast &
ovarian)
- Bilateral cancers in paired organs (breast, kidney)
- Rare presentations of cancer (male with breast cancer)
- Abnormalities known to be linked with ↑ cancer risk—atypical
nevi & risk of melanoma
What is one of the most common types of hereditary cancer? -
answer Breast and ovarian cancer
Familial cancers suggest a clustering of cancers that likely
occurred by chance. How is this explained? - answer There may
be a combination of genetic and non-genetic (i.e., environmental)
, factors that contributed to the development of cancers within a
family. i.e. smoking, obesity
True or False. In familial cancer, an alteration in a single major
gene is typically identified. - answer False. In familial cancer, an
alteration in a single major gene is unlikely or not identified
What are four examples of environmental factors that may
influence cancer risk? - answer Diet, lifestyle, sun exposure,
hormonal responses
What are the three defining characteristics of cancer cells? -
answer Dysregulated growth - this factor alone does not cause
malignancy; ability to invade and metastasize are of equal
pathophysiologic importance
Capacity for local invasion
Metastasis
Up to ____% of cancers are linked to environmental factors. -
answer 90%
Bening tumor or malignant tumor?
Slow growth - answer Benign tumor
QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED
VERIFIED ANSWERS
Inherited forms of cancer are __________ mutations are thought to
account for approximately _______% of all adult cancers - answer
germ line
5-10%
Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) susceptibility syndrome
involves germ line mutations in which gene? What does it
encode? - answer CDH1 gene that encodes the protein E-
cadherin
Hereditary breast & ovarian cancer is more common in which
ethnic group? - answer More common in people of Ashkenazi
Jewish decent
Women with hereditary breast & ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndrome
have a germ line mutation in which gene? - answer Either BRCA1
or BRCA2
Approximately what percent of gastic cancers involves germ line
mutations in CDH1 gene? - answer Approximately 3 % of all
gastric cancers
,Life time risk of developing breast & ovarian cancer is up to _____
% (breast) and _____% (ovarian). - answer 85%
40%
HNPCC (Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer), also known
as Lynch Syndrome, comes from a mutation in several genes
involved in what function? - answer DNA repair
Hallmarks of hereditary cancers (5):
EMBRA - answer - Early age on onset: < 40 - 50 years for adult
onset cancers
- Multiple primary cancers in a single individual: (breast &
ovarian)
- Bilateral cancers in paired organs (breast, kidney)
- Rare presentations of cancer (male with breast cancer)
- Abnormalities known to be linked with ↑ cancer risk—atypical
nevi & risk of melanoma
What is one of the most common types of hereditary cancer? -
answer Breast and ovarian cancer
Familial cancers suggest a clustering of cancers that likely
occurred by chance. How is this explained? - answer There may
be a combination of genetic and non-genetic (i.e., environmental)
, factors that contributed to the development of cancers within a
family. i.e. smoking, obesity
True or False. In familial cancer, an alteration in a single major
gene is typically identified. - answer False. In familial cancer, an
alteration in a single major gene is unlikely or not identified
What are four examples of environmental factors that may
influence cancer risk? - answer Diet, lifestyle, sun exposure,
hormonal responses
What are the three defining characteristics of cancer cells? -
answer Dysregulated growth - this factor alone does not cause
malignancy; ability to invade and metastasize are of equal
pathophysiologic importance
Capacity for local invasion
Metastasis
Up to ____% of cancers are linked to environmental factors. -
answer 90%
Bening tumor or malignant tumor?
Slow growth - answer Benign tumor
