ACIDS , BASES AND SALTS :


1. Acids
 Definition: Acids are substances that turn blue litmus paper red and have a sour taste.
They release hydrogen ions (H⁺) in water.
 Properties of Acids:
o They have a sour taste (e.g., vinegar, lemon juice).
o They turn blue litmus paper red.
o Acids react with metals to produce hydrogen gas.
o They react with bases to form salts and water (Neutralization).
o They are corrosive (can cause burns if concentrated).
 Common Examples of Acids:
o Hydrochloric Acid (HCl): Found in the stomach.
o Sulfuric Acid (H₂SO₄): Used in batteries.
o Citric Acid: Found in citrus fruits like lemons and oranges.
o Acetic Acid (CH₃COOH): Found in vinegar.
 Uses of Acids:
o Citric Acid: Used in food and beverages.
o Sulfuric Acid: Used in car batteries, fertilizers.
o Hydrochloric Acid: Used in cleaning and metal treatment.




2. Bases
 Definition: Bases are substances that turn red litmus paper blue and have a bitter
taste. They release hydroxide ions (OH⁻) when dissolved in water.
 Properties of Bases:
o Bitter taste (e.g., soap, baking soda).
o They turn red litmus paper blue.
o Bases feel slippery to touch (e.g., soap).
o They react with acids to form salts and water (Neutralization).
o Bases are caustic and can cause skin burns.
 Common Examples of Bases:
o Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH): Also known as caustic soda, used in soap making.
o Potassium Hydroxide (KOH): Used in manufacturing of soap.
o Ammonia (NH₃): Used in cleaning products.