CONSTITUTION
Part I-Article 1-5-Union and its territories
Part II-Article 6-11-Citizenship
Part III-Fundamental rights-12-35
General-
Article 12-Definition of State
Article 13-Laws inconsistent with or in derogation with fundamental rights-4 clauses
Right to equality
Article 14-Equality before law-1 clause
Article 15-Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of RRCS or place of birth-6 clauses
Article 16-Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment-6 clauses
Article 17-Abolition of untouchablity-1
Article 18-Abolition of titles-4 clauses
Right to freedom
Article 19-Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech-6 classes
Article 20-Protection in respect of certain offences-3 clauses
Article 21-Right of life and personal liberty-1 clause along with 21A
Article 22-Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases-7 clauses
Right against exploitation
Article 23-Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour-2 clauses
Article 24-Prohibition of employment of children in factories-1 clause
Right to freedom of religion
Article 25-Freedom of conscience and free profession-2 clauses
Article 26-Freedom to manage religious affairs-1 clause
Article 27-Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion
Article 28-Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in certain
educational institutions-3 clauses.
Cultural and educational rights
Article 29-Protection of interests of minorities-2 clauses
Article 30-Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions-2 clauses
Saving of certain laws
Article 31A,B,C
Right to constitutional remedies
Article 32-Writs
33-35
Part IV-DPSP
36-Definition
37-Application
38-Promotion of welfare of the people
39-Principles to be followed by the state
39A-Equal justice and free aid
40-Organisation of village panchayats
41-Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain cases.
42-Human conditions to work and maternity relief
43-Living wage for workers
43A-Participation of workers in management of industries
Page 1 of 24
 
, 43B-Promotion of cooperative societies-SHG
44-UCC
45-Early childhood care and education below 6 years
46-Promotion of educational and economic interest of SC,ST and weaker sections
47-Duty of state to raise nutrition, standard of living and public health
48-Organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry
48A-Protection and improvement of environment/ forests and wildlife
49-Protection of national monuments, places and objects
50-Separation of judiciary from executive
51-Promotion of international peace and security
Part IV-A-Fundamental duties
11 duties
A. National anthem
B. Respect national struggle for freedom
C. Sovereignty, unity
D. Defend country and render national service
E. Harmony and common brotherhood
F. Preserve rich heritage of our composite culture
G. Protect natural environment
H. Develop scientific temper
I. Safeguard public property
J. Strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity
K. 6 to 14-Parent to provide education and opportunities.
Rameshwar Prasad case
Anudhita v Pranab Mukherjee case
ADM jabalpur
Page 2 of 24
 
, • Earlier it had 395 articles, 22 parts and 8 schedules and now it has nearly 448
articles, 25 parts and 12 schedules.
• Professor KC describes it as a superior or supreme law with perhaps greater efficiency and
authority, higher sanctity and more performance than ordinary legislation.
• It is a document having a legal sanctity which sets out the framework and principle functions of
organs of government of a state and declares the principle governing the operation of these
organs.
• It is the supreme or fundamental law of the land.
Rule of law-
• AV Dicey
• Dicey in his work stated that Rule of Law is fundamental to the English legal system and gives
the following three meanings to the doctrine:
• Supremacy of Law
• Equality before Law
• Judge-made Constitution
Case-IR Coelho v. State of TN
• SC ordered that constitution is a living document.
• The provisions have to be construed having regard to the march of time and the development of
time.
• Under this, the principles of check and balances have an important role to play.
Need for constitutional law:-
• Need for certain organs through which the state acts.
• There must be some law to lay down how these organs are to be established.
• How these organs are to function.
• What their powers are going to be.
Constitution and constitutional law:-
• The constitution of a country seeks to establish its fundamental organ of the government and
administration, describe their structure, composition, powers and principal functions, define their
interrelationship of these organs with one another, and regulate their relationship with the people.
• Even about these basic institutions, only the basic norms are inscribed in the constitution.
• All and secondary functions are not brought into discussion under the rubric of the constitution.
Constitution law:-
• It is broader than the term constitution as it comprises of the constitution, relevant statutory law,
judicial decisions and conventions.
• It is the law of established of the constitution, its construction, interpretation and change.
Constitutionalism:-
1)Limited government
2) Limitation on government
3)Anti thesis of arbitrary powers
• This is important to maintain checks and balances on the three pillars.
Page 3 of 24
 
Part I-Article 1-5-Union and its territories
Part II-Article 6-11-Citizenship
Part III-Fundamental rights-12-35
General-
Article 12-Definition of State
Article 13-Laws inconsistent with or in derogation with fundamental rights-4 clauses
Right to equality
Article 14-Equality before law-1 clause
Article 15-Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of RRCS or place of birth-6 clauses
Article 16-Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment-6 clauses
Article 17-Abolition of untouchablity-1
Article 18-Abolition of titles-4 clauses
Right to freedom
Article 19-Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech-6 classes
Article 20-Protection in respect of certain offences-3 clauses
Article 21-Right of life and personal liberty-1 clause along with 21A
Article 22-Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases-7 clauses
Right against exploitation
Article 23-Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour-2 clauses
Article 24-Prohibition of employment of children in factories-1 clause
Right to freedom of religion
Article 25-Freedom of conscience and free profession-2 clauses
Article 26-Freedom to manage religious affairs-1 clause
Article 27-Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion
Article 28-Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in certain
educational institutions-3 clauses.
Cultural and educational rights
Article 29-Protection of interests of minorities-2 clauses
Article 30-Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions-2 clauses
Saving of certain laws
Article 31A,B,C
Right to constitutional remedies
Article 32-Writs
33-35
Part IV-DPSP
36-Definition
37-Application
38-Promotion of welfare of the people
39-Principles to be followed by the state
39A-Equal justice and free aid
40-Organisation of village panchayats
41-Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain cases.
42-Human conditions to work and maternity relief
43-Living wage for workers
43A-Participation of workers in management of industries
Page 1 of 24
 
, 43B-Promotion of cooperative societies-SHG
44-UCC
45-Early childhood care and education below 6 years
46-Promotion of educational and economic interest of SC,ST and weaker sections
47-Duty of state to raise nutrition, standard of living and public health
48-Organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry
48A-Protection and improvement of environment/ forests and wildlife
49-Protection of national monuments, places and objects
50-Separation of judiciary from executive
51-Promotion of international peace and security
Part IV-A-Fundamental duties
11 duties
A. National anthem
B. Respect national struggle for freedom
C. Sovereignty, unity
D. Defend country and render national service
E. Harmony and common brotherhood
F. Preserve rich heritage of our composite culture
G. Protect natural environment
H. Develop scientific temper
I. Safeguard public property
J. Strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity
K. 6 to 14-Parent to provide education and opportunities.
Rameshwar Prasad case
Anudhita v Pranab Mukherjee case
ADM jabalpur
Page 2 of 24
 
, • Earlier it had 395 articles, 22 parts and 8 schedules and now it has nearly 448
articles, 25 parts and 12 schedules.
• Professor KC describes it as a superior or supreme law with perhaps greater efficiency and
authority, higher sanctity and more performance than ordinary legislation.
• It is a document having a legal sanctity which sets out the framework and principle functions of
organs of government of a state and declares the principle governing the operation of these
organs.
• It is the supreme or fundamental law of the land.
Rule of law-
• AV Dicey
• Dicey in his work stated that Rule of Law is fundamental to the English legal system and gives
the following three meanings to the doctrine:
• Supremacy of Law
• Equality before Law
• Judge-made Constitution
Case-IR Coelho v. State of TN
• SC ordered that constitution is a living document.
• The provisions have to be construed having regard to the march of time and the development of
time.
• Under this, the principles of check and balances have an important role to play.
Need for constitutional law:-
• Need for certain organs through which the state acts.
• There must be some law to lay down how these organs are to be established.
• How these organs are to function.
• What their powers are going to be.
Constitution and constitutional law:-
• The constitution of a country seeks to establish its fundamental organ of the government and
administration, describe their structure, composition, powers and principal functions, define their
interrelationship of these organs with one another, and regulate their relationship with the people.
• Even about these basic institutions, only the basic norms are inscribed in the constitution.
• All and secondary functions are not brought into discussion under the rubric of the constitution.
Constitution law:-
• It is broader than the term constitution as it comprises of the constitution, relevant statutory law,
judicial decisions and conventions.
• It is the law of established of the constitution, its construction, interpretation and change.
Constitutionalism:-
1)Limited government
2) Limitation on government
3)Anti thesis of arbitrary powers
• This is important to maintain checks and balances on the three pillars.
Page 3 of 24
 
