NU 606 EXAM 3 EXAM WITH
CORRECT QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2025
Paralysis - CORRECT-ANSWERSloss of motor function
Paresis - CORRECT-ANSWERSweakness
Plegia - CORRECT-ANSWERSstroke or paralysis
mono- - CORRECT-ANSWERSone limb
hemi- - CORRECT-ANSWERSboth limbs on one side
di- or para- - CORRECT-ANSWERSboth upper limbs or both lower limbs
quadri- or tetra- - CORRECT-ANSWERSall four limbs
3 possible problems with the motor unit - CORRECT-ANSWERS1. skeletal muscle
atrophy/dystrophy
2. neuromuscular junction disorders
3. peripheral nerve injury
the motor unit - CORRECT-ANSWERSalpha motor neuron and the muscle fibers it
innervates
most of the diseases of the motor unit cause... - CORRECT-ANSWERSweakness and
wasting of skeletal muscle
components of the motor unit which cause disease when affected - CORRECT-
ANSWERS1. cell body of the motor neuron
2. the axon of the motor neuron
3. the neuromuscular junction (NMJ)
4. muscle fibers
muscle atrophy - CORRECT-ANSWERSlack of muscle activity; reduces muscle size,
tone, and power
reduction in the diameter of the muscle fibers because of a loss of protein filaments
, Skeletal Muscle Problems: Disuse Atrophy - CORRECT-ANSWERS- think of how a leg
in a cast gets small and weak
- normally innervated muscle is not used for a long period of time
- muscle cells shrink in diameter, lose contractile proteins, and become weak (do
not die)
Skeletal Muscle Problems: Muscular Dystrophy - CORRECT-ANSWERS- DMD and
BMD x-linked recessive
- caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene
pathophysiology of muscular dystrophy - CORRECT-ANSWERSthe mutation in the
dystrophin gene means that the dystrophin protein is not properly attached to the cell
membrane, and the muscle cells do not effectively contract. There is progressive
degeneration and eventual necrosis of the muscle tissue. Finally, the muscle is replaced
by connective tissue
dystrophin - CORRECT-ANSWERSLinks thin filaments to proteins of sarcolemma
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) - CORRECT-ANSWERS*no dystrophin*
most common form of muscular dystrophy; affects primarily boys with onset between the
ages of 3 and 5 years; the disorder progresses rapidly so that most of these boys are
unable to walk by age 12 and later need a respirator to breathe
Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) - CORRECT-ANSWERS*some dystrophin*
very similar to, but less severe than, Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Neuromuscular Junction Problems: Decreased Ach Release - CORRECT-ANSWERS-
botulism
- gentamicin
Neuromuscular Junction Problems: Decreased Achesterase - CORRECT-ANSWERS-
physostigmine
- neostigmine
- organophosphates
Neuromuscular Junction Problems: Decreased ACh effects on Muscle Cells -
CORRECT-ANSWERS- curare
- myasthenia gravis
, Botulism - CORRECT-ANSWERSClostridium botulinum is a rod shaped bacteria found
in soil.
BLOCKS THE RELEASE OF ACH INTO THE NMJ
Gentamicin - CORRECT-ANSWERSAminoglycoside antibiotic
adverse effect is that is can BLOCK THE RELEASE OF ACH INTO THE NMJ
Physostigmine and Neostigmine - CORRECT-ANSWERSused to treat myasthenia
graves
INHIBIT ACHESTERASE meaning PREVENTS THE BREAKDOWN OF ACH so
ACh stays in the NMJ longer
- causes loss of respiratory function
organophosphates - CORRECT-ANSWERSbind to achesterase and prevent them from
breacking down ach
- cause loss of respiratory function
curare - CORRECT-ANSWERSa drug that blocks nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
- ACh cannot bind to the receptors on the muscle cells
- it paralyzes the individual, but eventually it wears off
- think of poison darts used by indigenous South American people
myasthenia gravis - CORRECT-ANSWERSa chronic autoimmune disease that affects
the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles
- the ach receptors don't work, so they are treated with drugs that prevent the
breakdown of ACh in the NMJ to make the ACh available for longer
Myasthenia Gravis - CORRECT-ANSWERS- autoimmune disease
- gradual destruction of ACh receptors b/c the patient makes autoantibodies for the
receptors
- gradual development of weakness from proximal to distal (usually starts with
drooping eyelid)
myasthenia crisis - CORRECT-ANSWERSrespiration compromised
True or false?
Acetylcholinesterase stimulates the release of acetylcholine (ACh). - CORRECT-
ANSWERSFALSE
CORRECT QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2025
Paralysis - CORRECT-ANSWERSloss of motor function
Paresis - CORRECT-ANSWERSweakness
Plegia - CORRECT-ANSWERSstroke or paralysis
mono- - CORRECT-ANSWERSone limb
hemi- - CORRECT-ANSWERSboth limbs on one side
di- or para- - CORRECT-ANSWERSboth upper limbs or both lower limbs
quadri- or tetra- - CORRECT-ANSWERSall four limbs
3 possible problems with the motor unit - CORRECT-ANSWERS1. skeletal muscle
atrophy/dystrophy
2. neuromuscular junction disorders
3. peripheral nerve injury
the motor unit - CORRECT-ANSWERSalpha motor neuron and the muscle fibers it
innervates
most of the diseases of the motor unit cause... - CORRECT-ANSWERSweakness and
wasting of skeletal muscle
components of the motor unit which cause disease when affected - CORRECT-
ANSWERS1. cell body of the motor neuron
2. the axon of the motor neuron
3. the neuromuscular junction (NMJ)
4. muscle fibers
muscle atrophy - CORRECT-ANSWERSlack of muscle activity; reduces muscle size,
tone, and power
reduction in the diameter of the muscle fibers because of a loss of protein filaments
, Skeletal Muscle Problems: Disuse Atrophy - CORRECT-ANSWERS- think of how a leg
in a cast gets small and weak
- normally innervated muscle is not used for a long period of time
- muscle cells shrink in diameter, lose contractile proteins, and become weak (do
not die)
Skeletal Muscle Problems: Muscular Dystrophy - CORRECT-ANSWERS- DMD and
BMD x-linked recessive
- caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene
pathophysiology of muscular dystrophy - CORRECT-ANSWERSthe mutation in the
dystrophin gene means that the dystrophin protein is not properly attached to the cell
membrane, and the muscle cells do not effectively contract. There is progressive
degeneration and eventual necrosis of the muscle tissue. Finally, the muscle is replaced
by connective tissue
dystrophin - CORRECT-ANSWERSLinks thin filaments to proteins of sarcolemma
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) - CORRECT-ANSWERS*no dystrophin*
most common form of muscular dystrophy; affects primarily boys with onset between the
ages of 3 and 5 years; the disorder progresses rapidly so that most of these boys are
unable to walk by age 12 and later need a respirator to breathe
Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) - CORRECT-ANSWERS*some dystrophin*
very similar to, but less severe than, Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Neuromuscular Junction Problems: Decreased Ach Release - CORRECT-ANSWERS-
botulism
- gentamicin
Neuromuscular Junction Problems: Decreased Achesterase - CORRECT-ANSWERS-
physostigmine
- neostigmine
- organophosphates
Neuromuscular Junction Problems: Decreased ACh effects on Muscle Cells -
CORRECT-ANSWERS- curare
- myasthenia gravis
, Botulism - CORRECT-ANSWERSClostridium botulinum is a rod shaped bacteria found
in soil.
BLOCKS THE RELEASE OF ACH INTO THE NMJ
Gentamicin - CORRECT-ANSWERSAminoglycoside antibiotic
adverse effect is that is can BLOCK THE RELEASE OF ACH INTO THE NMJ
Physostigmine and Neostigmine - CORRECT-ANSWERSused to treat myasthenia
graves
INHIBIT ACHESTERASE meaning PREVENTS THE BREAKDOWN OF ACH so
ACh stays in the NMJ longer
- causes loss of respiratory function
organophosphates - CORRECT-ANSWERSbind to achesterase and prevent them from
breacking down ach
- cause loss of respiratory function
curare - CORRECT-ANSWERSa drug that blocks nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
- ACh cannot bind to the receptors on the muscle cells
- it paralyzes the individual, but eventually it wears off
- think of poison darts used by indigenous South American people
myasthenia gravis - CORRECT-ANSWERSa chronic autoimmune disease that affects
the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles
- the ach receptors don't work, so they are treated with drugs that prevent the
breakdown of ACh in the NMJ to make the ACh available for longer
Myasthenia Gravis - CORRECT-ANSWERS- autoimmune disease
- gradual destruction of ACh receptors b/c the patient makes autoantibodies for the
receptors
- gradual development of weakness from proximal to distal (usually starts with
drooping eyelid)
myasthenia crisis - CORRECT-ANSWERSrespiration compromised
True or false?
Acetylcholinesterase stimulates the release of acetylcholine (ACh). - CORRECT-
ANSWERSFALSE
