Chemistry Notebook
Name:
Date: 2/11/25
Experiment #: 2
Title: Equilibrium Reactions
Purpose:
The purpose of these experiments is to determine the equilibrium constant, Kc, and to understand
LeChatelier’s Principle and how variables, such as temperature or concentrations, can shift or
reverse equilibrium reactions.
Procedure:
Experiment 1:
1. The titration setup contained a ring stand and a burette with the beaker placed under the
burette.
2. Using a pipette, 10 mL of acetic acid and 10 mL of propyl alcohol were mixed in a flask.
3. 25 mL of water and several drops of phenolphthalein indicator were added to a beaker.
4. Using a pipette, a 1 mL sample was taken out of the acetic acid and propyl alcohol
mixture and placed in the beaker with water and phenolphthalein.
5. A few drops of sodium hydroxide from the burette were slowly added into the beaker
until the mixture in the beaker turned pink.
6. When the solution became a permanent pink color, the volume of sodium hydroxide used
was recorded.
7. Sulfuric acid catalyst was added to the acetic acid and propyl alcohol mixture. 1 mL of
this mixture was taken out with a pipette and placed into another beaker with 25 mL of
water and a few drops of phenolphthalein indicator.
8. This beaker was placed under the burette in the titration setup and a few drops of sodium
hydroxide from the burette were slowly added into the beaker until the mixture in the
beaker turned pink.
9. When the solution became a permanent pink color, the volume of sodium hydroxide used
was recorded.
, 10.The mixture of acetic acid, propyl alcohol, and sulfuric acid catalyst in a flask was heated
with a Bunsen burner for 1 hour with a reflux condenser above the flask so that vapors
would go back into the flask to prevent any chemicals from getting lost and to go to
equilibrium.
11.1 mL of the heated acetic acid, propyl alcohol, and sulfuric acid catalyst mixture was
taken out with a pipette and placed into another beaker with 25 mL of water and a few
drops of phenolphthalein indicator.
12.The mixture was titrated with sodium hydroxide until a pink color change was noted and
the volume used was recorded.
Experiment 2:
1. Yellow iron solution was placed into test tube #1.
2. Clear thiocyanate solution was placed into test tube #2.
3. In test tube #3, iron with thiocyanate was mixed together to form iron hexathiocyanate
ion until the color changed to reddish-brown.
4. In test tube #4, the iron thiocyanate and the iron thiocyanate ion were mixed together
until the color changed to light orange.
5. The color changes were recorded.
Experiment 3:
1. Blue tetra aqua copper ion solution was placed in a test tube.
2. A few drops of concentrated HCL were added into the test tube until the color was
changed to green.
3. A few drops of water were added to the same test tube until the color changed back to
blue.
4. The color changes were recorded.
Experiment 4:
1. Yellow chromate ion solution was placed into a test tube.
2. A few drops of acid were mixed with the chromate ion solution until the color changed to
orange.
3. The reaction was reversed by adding a few drops of a base until the color changed back
to yellow.
4. The color changes were recorded.
Name:
Date: 2/11/25
Experiment #: 2
Title: Equilibrium Reactions
Purpose:
The purpose of these experiments is to determine the equilibrium constant, Kc, and to understand
LeChatelier’s Principle and how variables, such as temperature or concentrations, can shift or
reverse equilibrium reactions.
Procedure:
Experiment 1:
1. The titration setup contained a ring stand and a burette with the beaker placed under the
burette.
2. Using a pipette, 10 mL of acetic acid and 10 mL of propyl alcohol were mixed in a flask.
3. 25 mL of water and several drops of phenolphthalein indicator were added to a beaker.
4. Using a pipette, a 1 mL sample was taken out of the acetic acid and propyl alcohol
mixture and placed in the beaker with water and phenolphthalein.
5. A few drops of sodium hydroxide from the burette were slowly added into the beaker
until the mixture in the beaker turned pink.
6. When the solution became a permanent pink color, the volume of sodium hydroxide used
was recorded.
7. Sulfuric acid catalyst was added to the acetic acid and propyl alcohol mixture. 1 mL of
this mixture was taken out with a pipette and placed into another beaker with 25 mL of
water and a few drops of phenolphthalein indicator.
8. This beaker was placed under the burette in the titration setup and a few drops of sodium
hydroxide from the burette were slowly added into the beaker until the mixture in the
beaker turned pink.
9. When the solution became a permanent pink color, the volume of sodium hydroxide used
was recorded.
, 10.The mixture of acetic acid, propyl alcohol, and sulfuric acid catalyst in a flask was heated
with a Bunsen burner for 1 hour with a reflux condenser above the flask so that vapors
would go back into the flask to prevent any chemicals from getting lost and to go to
equilibrium.
11.1 mL of the heated acetic acid, propyl alcohol, and sulfuric acid catalyst mixture was
taken out with a pipette and placed into another beaker with 25 mL of water and a few
drops of phenolphthalein indicator.
12.The mixture was titrated with sodium hydroxide until a pink color change was noted and
the volume used was recorded.
Experiment 2:
1. Yellow iron solution was placed into test tube #1.
2. Clear thiocyanate solution was placed into test tube #2.
3. In test tube #3, iron with thiocyanate was mixed together to form iron hexathiocyanate
ion until the color changed to reddish-brown.
4. In test tube #4, the iron thiocyanate and the iron thiocyanate ion were mixed together
until the color changed to light orange.
5. The color changes were recorded.
Experiment 3:
1. Blue tetra aqua copper ion solution was placed in a test tube.
2. A few drops of concentrated HCL were added into the test tube until the color was
changed to green.
3. A few drops of water were added to the same test tube until the color changed back to
blue.
4. The color changes were recorded.
Experiment 4:
1. Yellow chromate ion solution was placed into a test tube.
2. A few drops of acid were mixed with the chromate ion solution until the color changed to
orange.
3. The reaction was reversed by adding a few drops of a base until the color changed back
to yellow.
4. The color changes were recorded.
