Ecco Final Exam (2025-2026)
Questions and Correct Verified
Answers ||ALREADY GRADED A+||
GUARANTEED PASS <BRAND
NEW VERSION>
What is the initial treatment for chest pain? - ANSWER MONA
-Morphine
-Oxygen
-Nitroglycerin
-Aspirin
For an acute MI/chest pain, what changes are we looking for on the EKG?
- ANSWER ST elevation
Cardiac enzymes are elevated in what conditions? - ANSWER MI,
cardiac tamponade, cardiac surgery, acute injury - trauma to chest/chest
injury, pericarditis
What conditions warrant for an external pacemaker? - ANSWER
Symptomatic bradycardia, 3rd degree heart block, recurrent tachy-brady
syndromes,
Can we use atropine for a 3rd degree heart block? - ANSWER No.
What are the signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade? - ANSWER
Narrow pulse pressure, pulses paradox (BP drops 15 mg when pt takes
breath in), increased JVD, low BP, muffled heart tones (late sign), HR
initially will speed up (won't be bradycardic)
What is cardiac tamponade? - ANSWER compression of the heart by an
accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac which over time decreases the
cardiac output b/c the heart can't squeeze
,Why do we care about frequent PVCs? - ANSWER Because of the R on
T phenomenon. When a PVC lands on a T wave, it can potentially put a
patient into v-tach
What do we check for when we notice more frequent PVCs? - ANSWER
Magnesium and potassium (more so magnesium)
When starting to pace a patient, what should you do? - ANSWER Set
pacer at 80 and 80 and increase the mA (miliamps) until you see pacer
spikes on every single QRS
Question 34 on exam, what V-fib energy settings do you put in for a
biphasic defib? - ANSWER 150 jules
What is the normal drainage amount per hour from a chest tube? -
ANSWER less than 100 ml/hr
For end-stage cardiomyopathy, the drugs of choice are... - ANSWER 1.
Nipride - to help reduce preload and afterload
2. Dobutamine - to help increase contractility and decrease afterload
In what condition do we NOT see an elevation of troponin in? -
ANSWER Congestive heart failure
Why do we hear heart murmurs? - ANSWER we hear heart murmurs
because of the thickening of a valve like aortic stenosis or d/t mechanical
dysfunction of the valve
Stenosis of the aortic or pulmonic valves will result in a - ANSWER
systolic murmur, as blood is ejected through the narrowed valve
Regurgitation of the aortic or pulmonic valves will result in a -
ANSWER diastolic murmur, as blood flows backward into the diseased
valve when ventricular pressures drop during relaxation
Where can you hear the aortic stenosis? - ANSWER 2nd intercostal
space, R sternal boarder
-rough and high pitched murmur
What do we look for in an atrial waveform? (on an a-line) - ANSWER
The dicrotic notch
-it indicates closure of the AV (aortic valve)
,How long do you hold pressure for when you pull an art line? -
ANSWER 8-10 minutes
What are we looking out for when using thrombolytics (rTPA)? -
ANSWER Brain bleeds
What are signs of herniation (bleeding) from rTPA? - ANSWER 1.
decreased LOC/neuro changes
2. increased ICP
3. severe headaches
What should you look out for with a patient on Nipride? - ANSWER 1.
Watch for a sudden decrease in blood pressure
2. Be sure to protect it from light
3. Look at the expiration date on the bag.
Which side should you turn a patient to provide better cardiac perfusion?
- ANSWER Left side
In ventricular pacing, what does the waveform look like? - ANSWER
Ventricular pacing spikes followed by wide, bizarre QRS complexes.
Failure to pace - what it is and it's solution - ANSWER The pace maker
fails to initiate an electrical stimulus when the pacemaker is due to fire.
This is noted by the absence of a pacer spike on the rhythm strip.
-No pacing spikes present at all
-Look for broken wire/lead/unit, or dead battery
Failure to capture - what it is and how to correct it - ANSWER Pacer
delivers a stimulus at the appropriate time but no depolarization occurs.
No P or QRS wave after pacer spike.
-Need to increase the mA
Failure to Sense (undersensing) - what it is and how to correct it -
ANSWER Not sensing client's intrinsic electrical activity.
*Results in pacing spikes that occur after or are unrelated to the intrinsic
rate*
1. *INCREASE sensitivity setting*
2. Replace pulse generator battery
3. Replace or reposition pacing lead.
, If a pt goes into PULSELESS v-tach what do you do? - ANSWER Give
epinephrine, start cpr
If a pt goes into v-tach but has a pulse, what do you do? - ANSWER
Give amiodarone (150mg/10min)
What do you worry about in a person in a-fib/a-flutter - ANSWER the
ventricular rate may be fast and they could become hypotensive and pass
out
What should you give if a patient has afib/flutter with rapid ventricular
rate (RVR)? - ANSWER 1. Diltiazem
2. Amiodarone
3. Cardiovert
Definitive drug for fast a-fib/flutter - ANSWER diltiazem (cardizem)
What is the first shock that we give to patients in V-fib? - ANSWER 150
(then 300)
As a nurse, in dealing with lines (swan/cvp/etc) we can only ___ not
____ - ANSWER we can only pull back lines NOT advance
What are the signs and symptoms of Digoxin toxicity? - ANSWER 1.
nausea/GI upset
2. Pt has "yellow vision"/halo
3. Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia (PAT) with a block
What is the first medication we give for cardiac arrest? - ANSWER
Epinephrine
What is the goal for a patient in cardiogenic shock? - ANSWER
Everything is decreasing/low so we need to increase cardiac output!
What medication would we give for bradycardia? - ANSWER Atropine
Pericardial friction rub - ANSWER scraping or grating noise heard on
auscultation of the heart; suggestive of pericarditis (inflammation of the
pericardium)
-heard best when the pt is leading forward
-pain decreases when leaning forward
Questions and Correct Verified
Answers ||ALREADY GRADED A+||
GUARANTEED PASS <BRAND
NEW VERSION>
What is the initial treatment for chest pain? - ANSWER MONA
-Morphine
-Oxygen
-Nitroglycerin
-Aspirin
For an acute MI/chest pain, what changes are we looking for on the EKG?
- ANSWER ST elevation
Cardiac enzymes are elevated in what conditions? - ANSWER MI,
cardiac tamponade, cardiac surgery, acute injury - trauma to chest/chest
injury, pericarditis
What conditions warrant for an external pacemaker? - ANSWER
Symptomatic bradycardia, 3rd degree heart block, recurrent tachy-brady
syndromes,
Can we use atropine for a 3rd degree heart block? - ANSWER No.
What are the signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade? - ANSWER
Narrow pulse pressure, pulses paradox (BP drops 15 mg when pt takes
breath in), increased JVD, low BP, muffled heart tones (late sign), HR
initially will speed up (won't be bradycardic)
What is cardiac tamponade? - ANSWER compression of the heart by an
accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac which over time decreases the
cardiac output b/c the heart can't squeeze
,Why do we care about frequent PVCs? - ANSWER Because of the R on
T phenomenon. When a PVC lands on a T wave, it can potentially put a
patient into v-tach
What do we check for when we notice more frequent PVCs? - ANSWER
Magnesium and potassium (more so magnesium)
When starting to pace a patient, what should you do? - ANSWER Set
pacer at 80 and 80 and increase the mA (miliamps) until you see pacer
spikes on every single QRS
Question 34 on exam, what V-fib energy settings do you put in for a
biphasic defib? - ANSWER 150 jules
What is the normal drainage amount per hour from a chest tube? -
ANSWER less than 100 ml/hr
For end-stage cardiomyopathy, the drugs of choice are... - ANSWER 1.
Nipride - to help reduce preload and afterload
2. Dobutamine - to help increase contractility and decrease afterload
In what condition do we NOT see an elevation of troponin in? -
ANSWER Congestive heart failure
Why do we hear heart murmurs? - ANSWER we hear heart murmurs
because of the thickening of a valve like aortic stenosis or d/t mechanical
dysfunction of the valve
Stenosis of the aortic or pulmonic valves will result in a - ANSWER
systolic murmur, as blood is ejected through the narrowed valve
Regurgitation of the aortic or pulmonic valves will result in a -
ANSWER diastolic murmur, as blood flows backward into the diseased
valve when ventricular pressures drop during relaxation
Where can you hear the aortic stenosis? - ANSWER 2nd intercostal
space, R sternal boarder
-rough and high pitched murmur
What do we look for in an atrial waveform? (on an a-line) - ANSWER
The dicrotic notch
-it indicates closure of the AV (aortic valve)
,How long do you hold pressure for when you pull an art line? -
ANSWER 8-10 minutes
What are we looking out for when using thrombolytics (rTPA)? -
ANSWER Brain bleeds
What are signs of herniation (bleeding) from rTPA? - ANSWER 1.
decreased LOC/neuro changes
2. increased ICP
3. severe headaches
What should you look out for with a patient on Nipride? - ANSWER 1.
Watch for a sudden decrease in blood pressure
2. Be sure to protect it from light
3. Look at the expiration date on the bag.
Which side should you turn a patient to provide better cardiac perfusion?
- ANSWER Left side
In ventricular pacing, what does the waveform look like? - ANSWER
Ventricular pacing spikes followed by wide, bizarre QRS complexes.
Failure to pace - what it is and it's solution - ANSWER The pace maker
fails to initiate an electrical stimulus when the pacemaker is due to fire.
This is noted by the absence of a pacer spike on the rhythm strip.
-No pacing spikes present at all
-Look for broken wire/lead/unit, or dead battery
Failure to capture - what it is and how to correct it - ANSWER Pacer
delivers a stimulus at the appropriate time but no depolarization occurs.
No P or QRS wave after pacer spike.
-Need to increase the mA
Failure to Sense (undersensing) - what it is and how to correct it -
ANSWER Not sensing client's intrinsic electrical activity.
*Results in pacing spikes that occur after or are unrelated to the intrinsic
rate*
1. *INCREASE sensitivity setting*
2. Replace pulse generator battery
3. Replace or reposition pacing lead.
, If a pt goes into PULSELESS v-tach what do you do? - ANSWER Give
epinephrine, start cpr
If a pt goes into v-tach but has a pulse, what do you do? - ANSWER
Give amiodarone (150mg/10min)
What do you worry about in a person in a-fib/a-flutter - ANSWER the
ventricular rate may be fast and they could become hypotensive and pass
out
What should you give if a patient has afib/flutter with rapid ventricular
rate (RVR)? - ANSWER 1. Diltiazem
2. Amiodarone
3. Cardiovert
Definitive drug for fast a-fib/flutter - ANSWER diltiazem (cardizem)
What is the first shock that we give to patients in V-fib? - ANSWER 150
(then 300)
As a nurse, in dealing with lines (swan/cvp/etc) we can only ___ not
____ - ANSWER we can only pull back lines NOT advance
What are the signs and symptoms of Digoxin toxicity? - ANSWER 1.
nausea/GI upset
2. Pt has "yellow vision"/halo
3. Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia (PAT) with a block
What is the first medication we give for cardiac arrest? - ANSWER
Epinephrine
What is the goal for a patient in cardiogenic shock? - ANSWER
Everything is decreasing/low so we need to increase cardiac output!
What medication would we give for bradycardia? - ANSWER Atropine
Pericardial friction rub - ANSWER scraping or grating noise heard on
auscultation of the heart; suggestive of pericarditis (inflammation of the
pericardium)
-heard best when the pt is leading forward
-pain decreases when leaning forward
