PAEA EOC AND SUMMATIVE
FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
2025/2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS || 100%
GUARANTEED PASS <BRAND
NEW VERSION>
what exactly causes the occlusive vascular disease of
thromboangiitis obliterans? - ANSWER aka Buerger's disease
inflammatory thrombi affecting the medium and small vessels
(nonatherosclerosis)
polymorphonuclear leukocytes, microabscesses, and
multinucleated giant cells may be presen
Treatment options for thromboangiitis obliterans? - ANSWER
smoking cessation most important!
cilostazol (PDE 3 inhibitor) has vasodilator properties
(alleviated symptoms)
if raynauds also present, CCB (nifedipine)
what heart failure treatment provides a benefit of reduction in
morbidity and mortality? - ANSWER ACE inhibitors
beta blockers can also reduce M&M
diuretics have no reduction in mortality
how would you manage a patient with a MI in the setting of
cocaine use? - ANSWER benzodiazepine early
no beta blockers
,If PCI cannot be done for a STEMI patient within 120 minutes,
what should be done? - ANSWER fibrolytic therapy
then do PCI & coronary angiography when it can be done
ideally PCI is done within 90 minutes
fibrolytic therapy can be used up to 12 hours of symptoms
If you suspect an acute limb ischemia due to arterial embolism,
what imaging should you get? - ANSWER catheter-based
arteriography (digital subtraction arteriography) provides the
most useful information. can also help with treatment
can help distinguish between thrombosis and embolus
where are arterial emboli often found? - ANSWER lower
extremities more common than upper extremities
The common femoral, common iliac, and popliteal artery
bifurcations are frequent locations
majority originate in the heart
fun fact: Compared with thromboemboli, atheroemboli are less
likely to produce symptoms of acute limb ischemia
how would you distinguish vasospastic angina and angina
associated with CAD? - ANSWER quality of the CP is typically
indistinguishable of the two
patients with vasospastic angina report that their episodes are
predominantly at rest and that many occur from midnight to
early morning, while effort tolerance is usually preserved. CP
generally lasts 5 to 15 minutes
,Patients with vasospastic angina are often younger and exhibit
fewer classic cardiovascular risk factors and may be associated
with other vasospastic disorders, such as Raynaud's
phenomenon and migraine headache
Exercise does not usually provoke an episode of spasm
ECG may reveal transient ST-segment elevation or depression
in multiple lead but troponins will not be elevated
where do karposi sarcoma lesions typically occur? describe
their appearance. - ANSWER often on distal extremities, such
as lower legs and feet
purplish, reddish blue, or dark brown/black macules, plaques,
and nodules on the skin. Nodular lesions may ulcerate and bleed
easily
common in poorly controlled HIV
how would you treat hidradenitis suppurativa? - ANSWER
topical clindamycin
if fail topical therapy, oral tetracyclines are suggested
Antiandrogenic drugs and metformin are additional treatment
options that may be used alone or in conjunction with antibiotic
therapy
Pt with hypertriglyceridemia >885 mg/dL that required medical
therapy due to no improvement after lifestyle changes and statin.
how would you treat? - ANSWER fenofibrate
fenofibrate is better than gemfibrozil bc can be used with a
statin. Gemfibrozil has a higher risk of muscle toxicity
, how would you initially treat a pt with hypertriglyceridemia? -
ANSWER lifestyle changes (reduce EtOH consumption, aerobic
exercise, better glycemic control) and statin
what causes subacute thyroiditis? - ANSWER presumed to be
caused by a viral infection or a postviral inflammatory process.
Many patients have a history of an upper respiratory infection
prior to the onset of thyroiditis
seasonal incidence (higher in summer)
Large-needle thyroid biopsies reveal widespread infiltration
with neutrophils, lymphocytes, histiocytes and giant cells,
disruption and collapse of thyroid follicles, and necrosis of
thyroid follicular cells
how is the diagnosis of subacute thyroiditis made? - ANSWER
clinical dx
neck pain, thyroid tenderness
suppressed TSH
T3/T4 mildly elevated
if clinical dx is not certain, US can be used to distinguish
subacute from Graves. Graves has increased flow and subacute
has decreased flow. FNA rarely needed/used
what is the first step in evaluation of a suspected thyroid nodule?
- ANSWER US
Apparent nodularity in Hashimoto's thyroiditis may represent
focal enlargement from lymphocytic infiltrates, TSH-induced
hyperplasia of follicular tissue, or a thyroid tumor.
Ultrasonography may also help to distinguish among these
possibilities
FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
2025/2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS || 100%
GUARANTEED PASS <BRAND
NEW VERSION>
what exactly causes the occlusive vascular disease of
thromboangiitis obliterans? - ANSWER aka Buerger's disease
inflammatory thrombi affecting the medium and small vessels
(nonatherosclerosis)
polymorphonuclear leukocytes, microabscesses, and
multinucleated giant cells may be presen
Treatment options for thromboangiitis obliterans? - ANSWER
smoking cessation most important!
cilostazol (PDE 3 inhibitor) has vasodilator properties
(alleviated symptoms)
if raynauds also present, CCB (nifedipine)
what heart failure treatment provides a benefit of reduction in
morbidity and mortality? - ANSWER ACE inhibitors
beta blockers can also reduce M&M
diuretics have no reduction in mortality
how would you manage a patient with a MI in the setting of
cocaine use? - ANSWER benzodiazepine early
no beta blockers
,If PCI cannot be done for a STEMI patient within 120 minutes,
what should be done? - ANSWER fibrolytic therapy
then do PCI & coronary angiography when it can be done
ideally PCI is done within 90 minutes
fibrolytic therapy can be used up to 12 hours of symptoms
If you suspect an acute limb ischemia due to arterial embolism,
what imaging should you get? - ANSWER catheter-based
arteriography (digital subtraction arteriography) provides the
most useful information. can also help with treatment
can help distinguish between thrombosis and embolus
where are arterial emboli often found? - ANSWER lower
extremities more common than upper extremities
The common femoral, common iliac, and popliteal artery
bifurcations are frequent locations
majority originate in the heart
fun fact: Compared with thromboemboli, atheroemboli are less
likely to produce symptoms of acute limb ischemia
how would you distinguish vasospastic angina and angina
associated with CAD? - ANSWER quality of the CP is typically
indistinguishable of the two
patients with vasospastic angina report that their episodes are
predominantly at rest and that many occur from midnight to
early morning, while effort tolerance is usually preserved. CP
generally lasts 5 to 15 minutes
,Patients with vasospastic angina are often younger and exhibit
fewer classic cardiovascular risk factors and may be associated
with other vasospastic disorders, such as Raynaud's
phenomenon and migraine headache
Exercise does not usually provoke an episode of spasm
ECG may reveal transient ST-segment elevation or depression
in multiple lead but troponins will not be elevated
where do karposi sarcoma lesions typically occur? describe
their appearance. - ANSWER often on distal extremities, such
as lower legs and feet
purplish, reddish blue, or dark brown/black macules, plaques,
and nodules on the skin. Nodular lesions may ulcerate and bleed
easily
common in poorly controlled HIV
how would you treat hidradenitis suppurativa? - ANSWER
topical clindamycin
if fail topical therapy, oral tetracyclines are suggested
Antiandrogenic drugs and metformin are additional treatment
options that may be used alone or in conjunction with antibiotic
therapy
Pt with hypertriglyceridemia >885 mg/dL that required medical
therapy due to no improvement after lifestyle changes and statin.
how would you treat? - ANSWER fenofibrate
fenofibrate is better than gemfibrozil bc can be used with a
statin. Gemfibrozil has a higher risk of muscle toxicity
, how would you initially treat a pt with hypertriglyceridemia? -
ANSWER lifestyle changes (reduce EtOH consumption, aerobic
exercise, better glycemic control) and statin
what causes subacute thyroiditis? - ANSWER presumed to be
caused by a viral infection or a postviral inflammatory process.
Many patients have a history of an upper respiratory infection
prior to the onset of thyroiditis
seasonal incidence (higher in summer)
Large-needle thyroid biopsies reveal widespread infiltration
with neutrophils, lymphocytes, histiocytes and giant cells,
disruption and collapse of thyroid follicles, and necrosis of
thyroid follicular cells
how is the diagnosis of subacute thyroiditis made? - ANSWER
clinical dx
neck pain, thyroid tenderness
suppressed TSH
T3/T4 mildly elevated
if clinical dx is not certain, US can be used to distinguish
subacute from Graves. Graves has increased flow and subacute
has decreased flow. FNA rarely needed/used
what is the first step in evaluation of a suspected thyroid nodule?
- ANSWER US
Apparent nodularity in Hashimoto's thyroiditis may represent
focal enlargement from lymphocytic infiltrates, TSH-induced
hyperplasia of follicular tissue, or a thyroid tumor.
Ultrasonography may also help to distinguish among these
possibilities
