NUR 612 EXAM 1 (MODULE 3) UAB
EXAM WITH CORRECT QUESTIONS
AND ASWERS 2025
Endocrine System - CORRECT-ANSWERSSystem composed of various glands that can
synthesize and release special chemical messengers called hormones.
System works closely with the Nervous System and the Immune system to regulate and
integrate body functions.
Functions:
Growth and development
Sexual differentiation
Metabolism
Adaptation to an ever-changing environment
Regulation of digestion
Use and storage of nutrients
Electrolyte and water metabolism
Reproductive functions
Hormones - CORRECT-ANSWERSEndocrine system uses chemical substances called
hormones as a means of regulating and integrating body functions.
Hormones are thought of as chemical messengers produced to target a specific cell. They
do NOT initiate reactions but function as a modulator of cellular and systemic responses.
Function as chemical messengers
Move through the blood to distant target sites of action
Or, act more locally as paracrine or autocrine messengers that incite more local effects
Most are present in body fluids at all times in greater or lesser amounts as needed.
Characteristics
, A single hormone can exert various effects in different tissues.
A single function can be regulated by several hormones.
Types of Hormone Actions - CORRECT-ANSWERSHormones are released in one
location but can have the biologic effect either in that location of release or somewhere
else
Endocrine
Paracrine
Autocrine
Intracrine
Endocrine - CORRECT-ANSWERSHormones are released in the circulation to act on a
target organ (between remote cells)
Paracrine - CORRECT-ANSWERSHormones acts locally in cells other than that
produced the hormones Ex: sex steroids in ovary (between local cells)
Hormones acting locally on cells other than those that produced the hormone
For example, the action of sex steroids on the ovary
Autocrine - CORRECT-ANSWERSHormones exert action on the cells from which they
are produced ex: insulin (on the cell that produced them)
Hormones exerting action on the cells from which they were produced
For example, the release of insulin from pancreatic beta cells can inhibit its release from
the same cells
Intracrine - CORRECT-ANSWERSHormone action is within the cell that produced the
hormone
Mechanisms of Hormone Action - CORRECT-ANSWERSHormones interact with high-
affinity receptors.
These are linked to one or more effector system in the cell.
Hormone receptors may be located in the plasma membrane of the cell (surface of the
cell) or in the intracellular compartment (inside the cell) of the target cell.
The vesicle mediated pathway - CORRECT-ANSWERSProtein and polypeptide
hormones are synthesized and stored in vesicles in the cytoplasm of the endocrine cell
EXAM WITH CORRECT QUESTIONS
AND ASWERS 2025
Endocrine System - CORRECT-ANSWERSSystem composed of various glands that can
synthesize and release special chemical messengers called hormones.
System works closely with the Nervous System and the Immune system to regulate and
integrate body functions.
Functions:
Growth and development
Sexual differentiation
Metabolism
Adaptation to an ever-changing environment
Regulation of digestion
Use and storage of nutrients
Electrolyte and water metabolism
Reproductive functions
Hormones - CORRECT-ANSWERSEndocrine system uses chemical substances called
hormones as a means of regulating and integrating body functions.
Hormones are thought of as chemical messengers produced to target a specific cell. They
do NOT initiate reactions but function as a modulator of cellular and systemic responses.
Function as chemical messengers
Move through the blood to distant target sites of action
Or, act more locally as paracrine or autocrine messengers that incite more local effects
Most are present in body fluids at all times in greater or lesser amounts as needed.
Characteristics
, A single hormone can exert various effects in different tissues.
A single function can be regulated by several hormones.
Types of Hormone Actions - CORRECT-ANSWERSHormones are released in one
location but can have the biologic effect either in that location of release or somewhere
else
Endocrine
Paracrine
Autocrine
Intracrine
Endocrine - CORRECT-ANSWERSHormones are released in the circulation to act on a
target organ (between remote cells)
Paracrine - CORRECT-ANSWERSHormones acts locally in cells other than that
produced the hormones Ex: sex steroids in ovary (between local cells)
Hormones acting locally on cells other than those that produced the hormone
For example, the action of sex steroids on the ovary
Autocrine - CORRECT-ANSWERSHormones exert action on the cells from which they
are produced ex: insulin (on the cell that produced them)
Hormones exerting action on the cells from which they were produced
For example, the release of insulin from pancreatic beta cells can inhibit its release from
the same cells
Intracrine - CORRECT-ANSWERSHormone action is within the cell that produced the
hormone
Mechanisms of Hormone Action - CORRECT-ANSWERSHormones interact with high-
affinity receptors.
These are linked to one or more effector system in the cell.
Hormone receptors may be located in the plasma membrane of the cell (surface of the
cell) or in the intracellular compartment (inside the cell) of the target cell.
The vesicle mediated pathway - CORRECT-ANSWERSProtein and polypeptide
hormones are synthesized and stored in vesicles in the cytoplasm of the endocrine cell
