Gerontological Nursing Competencies for Care_Text Exam Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct

Gerontological Nursing Competencies for Care_Text Exam Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct List the seven sociological theories of aging. - ANSWER- Activity Disengagement Subculture Continuity Subculture Continuity Person-Environment-Fit Gerotranscendence List the five psychological theories of aging. - ANSWER- Human Needs Individualism Stages of Personality Life Course/Life Span Selective Optimization Who developed Human Needs Theory? ------- What does it assert is the characterization of aging? ------- When was this published? - ANSWER- Abraham Maslow ------- A hierarchy of five needs motivates human behavior: physiologic, safety and security, love and belonging, self-esteem, and self-actualization. Failure to grow leads to depression. ------- 1943 From lowest to highest, name all of the levels in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and give each a brief description. - ANSWER- From lowest to highest need: 1. Physical: Basic Need for biological survival, e.g. food, water, warmth, and rest. 2. Safety: Basic Need for security, e.g. to avoid interpersonal violence or environmental accidents. 3. Belongingness and Love: Psychological Need for intimate relationships and friends. 4. Esteem: Psychological Need for prestige and a sense of accomplishent. 5. Self-Actualization: Self-Fulfillment need for acheiving one's full potential such as creative activities and legacy. The nurse uses an ambulation belt to assist the elderly client in walking. Which moral principle does the nurse honor? 1. Beneficence 2. Nonmaleficence 3. Veracity 4. Fidelity - ANSWER- 2. Nonmaleficence: this is the twofold duty of doing no harm and preventing any harm. The nurse uses an ambulation belt to prevent falls that may result in injury to the client. What is the Beveridge model? - ANSWER- Designed by National Health Service creator Lord William Beveridge, the Beveridge model provides healthcare for all citizens and is financed by the government through tax payments. This "socialized medicine" model is currently found in Great Britain, Spain, and New Zealand. What is the Bismark Model? - ANSWER- Healthcare systems which use an insurance system usually financed jointly by employers and employees through payroll deduction. Unlike the U.S. insurance industry, Bismarck-type health insurance plans do not make a profit and must include all citizens. Doctors and hospitals tend to be private in Bismarck countries. This model is found in Germany, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and Japan. What is the National Health Insurance model? - ANSWER- The National Health Insurance model has elements of both the Beveridge and Bismarck models. It uses private-sector providers, but payment comes from a government-run insurance program that all citizens fund through a premium or tax. These universal insurance programs tend to be less expensive and have lower administrative costs than American for-profit insurance plans. National Health Insurance plans also control costs by limiting the medical services they pay for and/or requiring patients to wait to be treated. The classic National Health Insurance system can be found in Canada. What is the Out-of-pocket model? - ANSWER- The out-of-pocket model is what is found in the majority of the world. It is used in countries that are challenged to provide any kind of national healthcare system. In these countries, those that have money and can pay for healthcare get it, while others may suffer a lack of care. In rural regions of Africa, India, China, and South America, hundreds of millions of people go their whole lives without ever seeing a doctor. What is a clinical pathway? - ANSWER- An outgrowth of a care plan developed to manage clients with similar disorders. Who developed the Theory of Individualism? ------- What does it assert is the characterization of aging? - ANSWER- Karl Jung ------- One ages successfully when he or she accepts the past, adapts to physical decline, and copes with the loss of significant others. Who developed Stages of Personality Development Theory? ------- What does it assert is the characterization of aging? - ANSWER- Erik and Joan Erikson ------- During the final stage, "ego integrity versus despair" individuals search for the meaning of their lives, create a meaningful life after retirement, deal with an "empty nest", contemplate the inevitability of death and evaluate their accomplishments. Satisfaction leads to integrity, while dissatisfaction creates a sense of despair. Who developed Life-Course (Life Span Development) Theory? ------- What does it assert is the characterization of aging? ------- When was it developed? - ANSWER- Back ------- Successful adaptation to life changes may require revising one's beliefs to be consistent with society's expectations. ------- 1980 Who developed Selective Optimization with Compensation Theory? ------- What does it assert is the characterization of aging? ------- When was it developed? - ANSWER- Baltese ------- Individuals learn to cope with the functional losses of aging through the processes of selection, optimization, and compensation. ------- 1987 Regarding life structure, what did Schroots observe from the longitudinal study "Life- Course Dynamics"? - ANSWER- Life structure tended to be consistent over time, but influenced by life events and experiences. What is the difference between the stochastic and non-stochastic biological theories of aging? - ANSWER- Stochastic theories see aging as a series of discreet events which causes random cell damage and accumulate to become what we observe as aging;